In an aspect, a method of making a composition, comprising forming a solvent mixture comprising a polymer and a solvent; precipitating the solvent mixture with a non-solvent to form the composition comprising the filler in a fibrillated polymer matrix, wherein the composition is in the form of a particulate and at least one of the solvent and the non-solvent comprises a filler; and separating the composition from the solvent and the non-solvent to isolate the composition. In another aspect, a porous material wherein the filler particles are mechanically bonded together by the polymer and wherein the polymer is present as filaments adhering to and connecting the filler particles across interstitial spaces between the filler particles. In another aspect, a precipitated polymer solution produced by a phase inversion where the majority of the liquids can be mechanically removed.

Provided are a binder composition for a secondary battery electrode that enables favorable dispersion of a conductive material when used in production of a slurry composition for a secondary battery electrode, and a slurry composition for a secondary battery electrode in which a conductive material is favorably dispersed. The binder composition for a secondary battery electrode contains a solvent and a copolymer including an alkylene structural unit and a nitrile group-containing monomer unit. The copolymer has a Mooney viscosity (ML.sub.1+4, 100? C.) of 40 or less. The slurry composition for a secondary battery electrode contains an electrode active material, a conductive material, the aforementioned binder composition for a secondary battery electrode, and a polymer other than the aforementioned copolymer.

The present disclosure describes a composite material that includes a polysulfone aromatic polymer combined with an adhesion promoter, and a reinforcing fiber. The polysulfone aromatic polymer may be a polysulfone aromatic polymer, a polyethersulfone aromatic polymer, or a polyphenylsulfone aromatic polymer. The adhesion promoter may be, for example, a polyamideimide or a polyamide-amic acid polymer. The disclosure also describes a method of making a composite material using a solvent-dissolved polysulfone aromatic polymer and a reinforcing fiber.

An ionic liquid represented by the following chemical formula, [(CH.sub.3).sub.3N(CH.sub.2).sub.2OH].sup.+[NH.sub.2(CH.sub.2).sub.3CH(NH.sub.2)COO].sup., which provides an ionic liquid capable of dissolving cellulose within twenty-four hours.

A solution contains at least one polymer P, at least one water soluble polymer, and N-tert-butyl-2-pyrrolidone A corresponding process of making a membrane and the use of this membrane for water treatment are also provided.

To provide a method of manufacturing polyarylene sulfide (PAS) while efficiently recovering an organic amide solvent at a low energy cost, without using an organic solvent, from washing wastewater produced by washing a raw material mixture containing PAS and an organic amide solvent using a solvent containing water; a method of manufacturing PAS by reducing the amount of water supplied when washing the raw material mixture using a solvent containing water; and PAS manufactured by these methods. A method according to the present invention includes: a step of mixing a solvent containing water and a raw material mixture that contains PAS and an organic amide solvent, and then washing the PAS; a step of obtaining a separated liquid by solid-liquid separation; and a step of separating the separated liquid into distilled vapor having a smaller amount of the organic amide solvent and a recovered liquid having a larger amount of the organic amide solvent by heating, where the heating is performed utilizing an increase in temperature based on compressing the distilled vapor and/or compressing a heat medium heat-exchanged with the distilled vapor.

A porous polybenzimidazole (PBI) particulate resin is disclosed. This resin is easily dissolved at ambient temperatures and pressures. The resin is made by: dissolving a virgin PBI resin in a highly polar solvent; precipitating the dissolved PBI in a bath; and drying the precipitated PBI, the dried precipitated PBI being porous. The porous PBI resin may be dissolved by: mixing a porous PBI resin with a highly polar solvent at ambient temperatures and pressures to form a solution.

The present invention provides: a liquid-crystal polyester solution composition which changes little in solution viscosity with the flow initiation temperature of the liquid-crystal polyester powder, and a liquid-crystal polyester powder useful for the liquid-crystal polyester solution composition. This liquid-crystal polyester powder is soluble in aprotic solvents and is characterized in that the proportion of particles having a particle diameter, as determined by dry sieving test according to JIS K 0069 (1992), of less than 250 ?m is 23.5 mass % or less. The present invention further provides a method for producing the liquid-crystal polyester solution composition, the method comprising dissolving the liquid-crystal polyester powder in an aprotic solvent to obtain the liquid-crystal polyester solution composition.

An ionic liquid represented by the following chemical formula, [(CH.sub.3).sub.3N(CH.sub.2).sub.2OH].sup.+[NH.sub.2(CH.sub.2).sub.3CH(NH.sub.2)COO].sup., which provides an ionic liquid capable of dissolving cellulose within twenty-four hours.

The invention relates to a method for dissolving the components of gel forming materials suitable for use in wound care comprising the steps of admixing said components with an ionic liquid. The ionic liquid may be selected from the group of tertiary amine N-oxides, N,N-dimethyl formamide/nitrogen tetroxide mixtures, dimethyl sulphoxide/paraformaldehyde mixtures and solutions of limium chloride in N,N-dimethyl acetamide or N-methyl pyrrolidone.