Durable and optically transparent superhydrophobic surfaces have a coating of ceramic nanoparticles attached to a transparent substrate that are bound to the substrate through a flexible linker and a fluorocarbon moiety is bound to the surface of the ceramic nanoparticles. The nanoparticles provide the topography required for superhydrophobic surfaces and the fluorocarbon attached to the surface renders the particles hydrophobic. The nanoparticles can be metal oxide nanoparticles of dimensions that do not scatter light and the flexible linker can be constructed by an agent that has a group for bonding to the substrate and a reactive group to form a bond with a complementary second reactive group attached to a second agent that has a group for bonding to the nanoparticles.

A conductive paste obtained by adding an organic solvent B to a vehicle containing a Ni powder, a binder resin component, and an organic solvent A. The Ni powder has an average primary particle size of 30 to 400 nm. The binder resin component is cellulose acetate butyrate. Organic solvent A is a solvent having a Δ δ value of 11.5 or less with the cellulose acetate butyrate. Organic solvent B is a solvent having a Δ δ value from 11.5 to 25.0 with the cellulose acetate butyrate. A ratio of the organic solvent B relative to a total of the organic solvent A and the organic solvent B is 5.0 to 40.0 wt %.

Novel colored compounds with a hibonite structure and a method for making the same are disclosed. The compounds may have a formula AAl.sub.12−x−yM.sup.a.sub.xM.sup.b.sub.yO.sub.19 where A is typically an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a rare earth metal, Pb, Bi or any combination thereof, and M.sup.a is Ni, Fe, Cu, Cr, V, Mn, or Co or any combination thereof, and M.sup.b is Ti, Sn, Ge, Si, Zr, Hf, Ga, In, Zn, Mg, Nb, Ta, Sb, Mo, W or Te or any combination thereof. Compounds with varying colors, such as blue, can be made by varying A, M.sup.a and M.sup.b and their relative amounts. Compositions comprising the compounds and methods for making and using the same are also disclosed.

Provided are: a rubber composition for treads which contains a diene rubber in the rubber component and can simultaneously achieve blowing resistance during dry running, wet grip performance and abrasion resistance; and a pneumatic tire including a tread formed from the rubber composition for treads. The rubber composition contains: a diene rubber including styrene-butadiene rubber; zinc dithiophosphate; an inorganic filler including at least one selected from the group consisting of: a compound of the formula: mM.xSiO.sub.y.zH.sub.2O wherein M represents at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Al, Mg, Ti, Ca, and Zr, or an oxide or hydroxide of the metal, m represents an integer of 1-5, x represents an integer of 0-10, y represents an integer of 2-5, and z represents an integer of 0-10; magnesium sulfate; and silicon carbide, and having a BET value of 5-120 m.sup.2/g and a linseed oil absorption of 30-80 mL/100 g; and sulfur, wherein, per 100 parts by mass of the diene rubber, there are 0.2-15 parts by mass of the zinc dithiophosphate, 1-70 parts by mass of the inorganic filler, and less than 2.5 parts by mass of zinc oxide.

A transfer film for forming a decorative layer on at least one surface of a film sensor has a coloring composition layer containing a black or white pigment, and the coloring composition layer satisfies inequality 1:

50>a×b>10   inequality 1

where a is the mass content ratio of the black or white pigment in the coloring composition layer, and b is the thickness of the coloring composition layer having a unit of μm.

The present invention relates to aqueous polymer latexes of film-forming copolymers obtainable by aqueous emulsion polymerisation of monomers M, which comprise at least 80% by weight, based on the monomers M, of—at least one non-ionic monomer M1, which is selected from C.sub.1-C.sub.20-alkyl esters of acrylic acid, C.sub.5-C.sub.20-cycloalkyl esters of acrylic acid, C.sub.1-C.sub.20-alkyl esters of methacrylic acid, C.sub.5-C.sub.20-cycloalkyl esters of methacrylic acid and monovinyl aromatic monomers; —one or more monoethylenically unsaturated monomers M2, which are selected from monoethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acids having 3 to 6 carbon atoms and monoethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids having 4 to 6 carbon atoms; and where the polymer latex contains an emulsifier combination comprising i. at least one first emulsifier (1), which is selected from salts, in particular from the alkali metal salts and the ammonium salts of sulfated ethoxylated C.sub.8-C.sub.20-alkanols having a degree of ethoxylation in the range from 5 to 20 and sulfated ethoxylated tristyrylphenols having a degree of ethoxylation in the range from 5 to 20, and ii. at least one second emulsifier (2), which is selected from the salts, in particular from the alkali metal salts and the ammonium salts of a sulfated ethoxylated C.sub.8-C.sub.20-alkanol having a degree of ethoxylation in the range from 21 to 50 and sulfated ethoxylated tristyrylphenols having a degree of ethoxylation in the range from 21 to 50. The present invention also relates to a process for producing such polymer latexes and to the use of these polymer latexes as binders in waterborne coating compositions which contain at least one inorganic tannin blocking compound and to the use of such coating compositions for coating tannin-containing substrates such as wood or woodbased materials.

Provided herein is a light diffusing material having excellent light transmittance, light diffusion properties, and mechanical properties. The light diffusing material comprises a curable organopolysiloxane composition, comprising: A) an organopolysiloxane having reactive groups; B) one or more inorganic fillers; and C) an organosilicon compound different from component A), and comprising component(s) C1) and/or C2). Component C1) is an organosilicon compound having a reactive functional group that can bond with component A), a hydrolyzable silyl group and/or a silicon atom-bonded hydroxyl group, and two or more silicon atoms, in the molecule. Component C2) is an organosilicon compound having a reactive functional group with three or more carbon atoms, which can bond with component A), a hydrolyzable silyl group and/or a silicon atom-bonded hydroxyl group, and one or more silicon atoms, in the molecule. The mass of component B) is 30 to 95% relative to the mass of the overall composition.

Provided are a surface protection composition which has excellent anticorrosion performance to prevent the metal corrosion, and also has excellent coating properties and heat resistance with suppressing cracks from being occurred even in a cold environment and maintaining anticorrosion performance, and a terminal-fitted electric wire using these.

The present protection composition contains: (a) a phosphorus compound represented by the following general formula (1) in an amount of 0.1 to 10 mass % in terms of phosphorus element with respect to the total amount of the composition; (b) a metal-containing compound in an amount of 0.1 to 10 mass % in terms of the metal element with respect to the total amount of the composition or an amine compound in an amount of 0.1 to 5.0 mass % in terms of nitrogen element with respect to the total amount of the composition; (c) a (meth) acrylate having two or more carbon-carbon double bonds and hydrocarbon chains having four or more carbon atoms in an amount of 1.0 to 70 mass % with respect to the total amount of the composition; (d) a mono (meth) acrylate having a hydrocarbon chain having seven or more carbon atoms in an amount of 1.0 to 80 mass % with respect to the total amount of the composition; and (e) at least one of a photopolymerization initiator and a thermal polymerization initiator in an amount of 0.1 to 10 mass % with respect to the total amount of the composition.

##STR00001##

In the above-presented general formula (1), R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom, R.sup.2 represents a hydrocarbon group having 4 to 30 carbon atoms, and R.sup.3 represents a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 4 to 30 carbon atoms.

To provide a solar cell module excellent in design property and weather resistance, a method for producing it, and a building exterior wall material using it.

The solar cell module of the present invention comprises, from the light-receiving surface side of the solar cell module, a cover glass, a first encapsulant layer, a design layer, a second encapsulant layer and solar cells in this order, the first encapsulant layer contains an ultraviolet absorber, the first encapsulant layer has a thickness of from 50 to 2,000 μm, and the design layer contains a fluororesin.

Processes and machines suitable for producing polymer films, and films produced thereby. Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) particles and electrically conductive nanoparticles are combined in a liquid polymer precursor matrix and aligned along nanocolumns in a thickness direction of the polymer precursor matrix by subjecting the PZT and nanoparticles to a uniform electric field, after which the polymer precursor matrix is solidified to form a piezoelectric polymer composite film. The PZT and nanoparticles are subjected to the uniform electric field for a duration sufficient to promote sensitivity and/or energy harvesting properties of the piezoelectric polymer composite film.