The present invention relates to new aqueous curable binder compositions comprising a carbohydrate compound, a first cross linker and a second cross linker different from the first capable of undergoing radical polymerization and possibly a free radical initiator.

The present invention provides a resin composition comprising a thermoplastic resin comprising a constituting unit (A) derived from a compound represented by the following general formula (1), wherein the resin composition comprises an ultraviolet absorber in an amount of 2,000 ppm to 40,000 ppm:

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This is to provide a polymer of a polyimide precursor which is soluble in an aqueous alkaline solution, and capable of using a base resin of a positive type and negative type photosensitive resin composition which is capable of forming a fine pattern and obtaining high resolution. Also provided is a positive type and negative type photosensitive resin composition using such a polymer of a polyimide precursor. Further provided are a patterning process and a method of forming a cured film using the composition.

Provided is a polymer of a polyimide precursor which comprises a structural unit represented by the following general formula (1),

##STR00001## wherein, X.sub.1, R.sub.1, Z, a repeating number s, Y.sub.1, Rf, a repeating number n and k represent the same meanings as mentioned in the specification.

This is to provide a polymer of a polyimide precursor which is soluble in an aqueous alkaline solution, and capable of using a base resin of a positive type and negative type photosensitive resin composition which is capable of forming a fine pattern and obtaining high resolution. Also provided is a positive type and negative type photosensitive resin composition using such a polymer of a polyimide precursor. Further provided are a patterning process and a method of forming a cured film using the composition.

Provided is a polymer of a polyimide precursor which comprises a structural unit represented by the following general formula (1),

##STR00001## wherein, X.sub.1, R.sub.1, Z, a repeating number s, Y.sub.1, Rf, a repeating number n and k represent the same meanings as mentioned in the specification.

A polymerizable composition for an optical material of the present invention includes a compound (A) represented by General Formula (1) including two or more allyloxycarbonyl groups; an ultraviolet absorbing agent (B) represented by General Formula (i); at least one kind of radical polymerization initiator (C) selected from the group consisting of a peroxyketal-based radical polymerization initiator, a peroxymonocarbonate-based radical polymerization initiator, and a peroxyester-based radical polymerization initiator; at least one kind of dye (D) selected from an anthraquinone-based dye, a perinone-based dye, a monoazo-based dye, a diazo-based dye, and a phthalocyanine-based dye.

##STR00001##

An object of the present invention is to provide: a pigment dispersion liquid for inkjet ink, which is stable for a long period of storage and which increases repellency to ink ejection surface. Disclosed is a pigment dispersion liquid for inkjet ink, comprising: a pigment; a pigment dispersing agent; and a compound having an ethylenically unsaturated double bond, wherein the pigment dispersing agent has an amine value of 20 mgKOH/g or less and an acid value of 10 mgKOH/g or less, contains one or more components selected from the group consisting of: a copolymer having a styrene-derived repeating unit, a repeating unit derived from an unsaturated fatty acid having 12 or more carbon atoms, and a repeating unit derived from a polyalkylene oxide having an ethylenically unsaturated double bond; a specific salt of the copolymer and an amine derivative of the copolymer.

Functionalized metal oxide particles comprising, on the surface, a radical of formula I (I) wherein the particle comprises an oxide of a metal; R.sub.1 is C, (CH.sub.2).sub.1-12C, or (CH.sub.2).sub.1-12O(O)CC.sub.1; R.sub.2 is CR.sub.4R.sub.5, where R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are independently selected among H and C.sub.1-C.sub.12 alkyl; and R.sub.3 is H, halo, C.sub.1-C.sub.12 alkyl, or C.sub.1-C.sub.12 haloalkyl. A process for the production of the functionalized particles; functionalized particles, obtainable by the process. A process for the production of a polymer composite comprising the functionalized particles; and a polymer composite obtainable by that process.

##STR00001##

Modelling material which includes (a) at least one radically polymerizable monomer, (b) at least one initiator for the radical polymerization and (c) at least one inert component. The inert component (c) is soluble in the polymer formed by polymerization of the monomer (a), wherein the solubility of component (c) decreases as the temperature increases, with the result that a phase separation takes place above a particular temperature. The material is suitable in particular for the production of models of dental restorations for investment casting processes.

A positive photosensitive resin composition including: a polysiloxane synthesized by hydrolyzing and partially condensing a specific organosilane and an organosilane that has a carboxyl group and/or a dicarboxylic acid anhydride structure; particles of one or more metal compounds selected from an aluminum compound, a tin compound, a titanium compound, and a zirconium compound, or composite particles of a silicon compound and one or more metal compounds selected from an aluminum compound, a tin compound, a titanium compound, and a zirconium compound; a naphthoquinone diazide compound; and a solvent.

A positive photosensitive resin composition including: a polysiloxane synthesized by hydrolyzing and partially condensing a specific organosilane and an organosilane that has a carboxyl group and/or a dicarboxylic acid anhydride structure; particles of one or more metal compounds selected from an aluminum compound, a tin compound, a titanium compound, and a zirconium compound, or composite particles of a silicon compound and one or more metal compounds selected from an aluminum compound, a tin compound, a titanium compound, and a zirconium compound; a naphthoquinone diazide compound; and a solvent.