In a pneumatic tire in which a reinforcing layer including a cord is embedded, a coating rubber covering the cord included in the reinforcing layer uses a rubber composition in which 30 parts by mass to 60 parts by mass of carbon black having a nitrogen adsorption specific surface area N.sub.2SA of 100 m.sup.2/g or more and 0 parts by mass or more and 10 parts by mass or less of aroma oil is optionally blended, per 100 parts by mass of a rubber component containing 70 mass % to 100 mass % of a natural rubber and in which a strength at break TB (unit: MPa) at 100° C. and a stress M100 (unit: MPa) at 100% elongation at 100° C. satisfy a relationship TB.sup.2/M100≥50.0.

A surface covering is provided. The surface covering includes a laminated panel and an ultra-violet (UV) curable surface coating applied to the laminated panel. The ultra-violet (UV) curable surface coating includes a first coating, a second coating, abrasive resistant particles, and an antimicrobial additive. The second coating is a composition distinctive of the first coating, the first coating is cured at a lower energy than the second coating, the second coating is cured at a higher energy to cure both the first coating and the second coating. The abrasive resistant particles include silicon carbide (SiC) particles wherein at least 50% of the silicon carbide (SiC) particles have a particle size of less than 45 m.Math.. The antimicrobial additive selected from a group consisting of N-butyl- 1, 2-benzisothiazolin-3-one, alkyl dimethyl ammonium saccharinates, Zinc 2-pyridinethiol-1-oxide, 10, 10′-Oxybisphenoxarsine (OBPA), 4,5-Dichloro-2-octyl-4isothiazolin-3-one (DCOIT) and mixtures thereof.

The invention relates to footwear with a rubber sole and to such rubber sole where the sole is provided with a rubber composition which contains dual precipitated silica moieties. The dual precipitated silica moieties are provided in a sense of being comprised of hydrophilic precipitated silica and hydrophobic precipitated silica.

The invention relates to footwear with a rubber sole and to such rubber sole where the sole is provided with a rubber composition which contains dual precipitated silica moieties. The dual precipitated silica moieties are provided in a sense of being comprised of hydrophilic precipitated silica and hydrophobic precipitated silica.

A rubber composition includes: 100 parts by mass of a nitrile rubber (A); 10 to 300 parts by mass of a white filler (B); 0.3 to 10 parts by mass of a paraffin wax (C); and 0.5 to 5 parts by mass of a dithiocarbamic acid salt-based antioxidant (D). The nitrile rubber (A) has a content of an acrylonitrile unit of 19 to 30 mass %, and the paraffin wax (C) has a melting point of 45 to 100° C.

A rubber composition includes: 100 parts by mass of a nitrile rubber (A); 10 to 300 parts by mass of a white filler (B); 0.3 to 10 parts by mass of a paraffin wax (C); and 0.5 to 5 parts by mass of a dithiocarbamic acid salt-based antioxidant (D). The nitrile rubber (A) has a content of an acrylonitrile unit of 19 to 30 mass %, and the paraffin wax (C) has a melting point of 45 to 100° C.

Provided are copolymers which provide improved overall performance in terms of fuel economy and wet grip performance, as well as rubber compositions and tires containing the copolymers. Included is a copolymer obtained by copolymerizing an aromatic vinyl compound, a conjugated diene compound, and a compound represented by the formula (1) below or by copolymerizing a conjugated diene compound and a compound represented by the formula (1) below, the copolymer having a weight average molecular weight of 1.0×10.sup.3 to 2.5×10.sup.6, ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 may be the same or different and each represents a functional group containing at least two selected from the group consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and silicon, and R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 may be joined together to form a ring structure.

Provided are copolymers which provide improved overall performance in terms of fuel economy and wet grip performance, as well as rubber compositions and tires containing the copolymers. Included is a copolymer obtained by copolymerizing an aromatic vinyl compound, a conjugated diene compound, and a compound represented by the formula (1) below or by copolymerizing a conjugated diene compound and a compound represented by the formula (1) below, the copolymer having a weight average molecular weight of 1.0×10.sup.3 to 2.5×10.sup.6, ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 may be the same or different and each represents a functional group containing at least two selected from the group consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and silicon, and R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 may be joined together to form a ring structure.

The present invention provides a rubber composition obtained by kneading a rubber component, a vulcanization accelerator, silica, and a compound represented by the following formula (I): ##STR00001##
wherein the groups are as defined in the DESCRIPTION.

The present invention provides a rubber composition obtained by kneading a rubber component, a vulcanization accelerator, silica, and a compound represented by the following formula (I): ##STR00001##
wherein the groups are as defined in the DESCRIPTION.