A composition includes first, second, and third components. The composition preferably includes 0.1 to 50 parts by mass of the third component with respect to 100 parts by mass in total of the first and second components. The first component is at least one type of melamine salt selected from the group consisting of melamine orthophosphate, melamine pyrophosphate, and melamine polyphosphate. The second component is at least one type of piperazine salt selected from the group consisting of piperazine orthophosphate, piperazine pyrophosphate, and piperazine polyphosphate. The third component is cyanuric acid or zinc cyanurate.

A composition includes first, second, and third components. The composition preferably includes 0.1 to 50 parts by mass of the third component with respect to 100 parts by mass in total of the first and second components. The first component is at least one type of melamine salt selected from the group consisting of melamine orthophosphate, melamine pyrophosphate, and melamine polyphosphate. The second component is at least one type of piperazine salt selected from the group consisting of piperazine orthophosphate, piperazine pyrophosphate, and piperazine polyphosphate. The third component is cyanuric acid or zinc cyanurate.

Disclosed embodiments include hollow composite utility pole, cross arm, and brace structures and methods of manufacture of the same using fire retardant materials. Poles, cross arm, and brace structures may be manufactured using a fire resistant resin impregnated, or resin wetted, filament roving that is wound onto a mandrel, pultruded or otherwise formed into a structural part. Various pole structures and manufacturing methods are described, including chemically bonded sleeve joint structures for poles of varying size.

Disclosed embodiments include hollow composite utility pole, cross arm, and brace structures and methods of manufacture of the same using fire retardant materials. Poles, cross arm, and brace structures may be manufactured using a fire resistant resin impregnated, or resin wetted, filament roving that is wound onto a mandrel, pultruded or otherwise formed into a structural part. Various pole structures and manufacturing methods are described, including chemically bonded sleeve joint structures for poles of varying size.

A flame retardant composition containing a piperazine phosphate, a melamine phosphate, and an oil having a siloxane bond and a specific gravity of 0.930 to less than 0.970 at 25 C. The oil is present in an amount of 0.01 to 5 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the sum of the piperazine phosphate and the melamine phosphate. The flame retardant composition preferably further contains 0.01 to 5 parts by mass, per 100 parts by mass of the sum of the piperazine phosphate and the melamine phosphate, of a methylhydrogen silicone oil having hydrogen as part of the side chains of polysiloxane and a specific gravity of 0.970 to less than 1.01 at 25 C.

A flame retardant composition containing a piperazine phosphate, a melamine phosphate, and an oil having a siloxane bond and a specific gravity of 0.930 to less than 0.970 at 25 C. The oil is present in an amount of 0.01 to 5 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the sum of the piperazine phosphate and the melamine phosphate. The flame retardant composition preferably further contains 0.01 to 5 parts by mass, per 100 parts by mass of the sum of the piperazine phosphate and the melamine phosphate, of a methylhydrogen silicone oil having hydrogen as part of the side chains of polysiloxane and a specific gravity of 0.970 to less than 1.01 at 25 C.

A flame retardant sugar-derived molecule, a process for forming a flame retardant sugar-derived molecule, and an article of manufacture comprising a flame retardant sugar-derived molecule are disclosed. The flame retardant sugar-derived molecule can be synthesized from arabitol, xylitol, arabic acid, or xylonic acid obtained from a bio-based source, and can have at least one phosphoryl or phosphonyl moiety. The process for forming the flame retardant sugar-derived molecule can include reacting arabitol, xylitol, arabic acid, or xylonic acid and a flame retardant phosphorus-based molecule to form the flame retardant sugar-derived molecule.

A flame retardant sugar-derived molecule, a process for forming a flame retardant sugar-derived molecule, and an article of manufacture comprising a flame retardant sugar-derived molecule are disclosed. The flame retardant sugar-derived molecule can be synthesized from arabitol, xylitol, arabic acid, or xylonic acid obtained from a bio-based source, and can have at least one phosphoryl or phosphonyl moiety. The process for forming the flame retardant sugar-derived molecule can include reacting arabitol, xylitol, arabic acid, or xylonic acid and a flame retardant phosphorus-based molecule to form the flame retardant sugar-derived molecule.

Disclosed is a resin composition which comprises a compound with at least two DOPO groups or a combination thereof as the flame retardant and an aliphatic long-chain maleimide compound. The resin composition is useful for the preparation of various articles, such as a prepreg, a resin film, a resin film with copper foil, a laminate or a printed circuit board, achieving at least one, more or all properties improved of laminate formability, reliability of multiple laminations, chemical resistance, thermal resistance, dielectric constant, dissipation factor, interlayer bonding strength, storage modulus and so on.

Disclosed is a resin composition which comprises a compound with at least two DOPO groups or a combination thereof as the flame retardant and an aliphatic long-chain maleimide compound. The resin composition is useful for the preparation of various articles, such as a prepreg, a resin film, a resin film with copper foil, a laminate or a printed circuit board, achieving at least one, more or all properties improved of laminate formability, reliability of multiple laminations, chemical resistance, thermal resistance, dielectric constant, dissipation factor, interlayer bonding strength, storage modulus and so on.