Methods of forming a composite material film can include providing a mixture comprising a precursor and silane-treated silicon particles. The methods can also include pyrolysing the mixture to convert the precursor into one or more carbon phases to form the composite material film with the silicon particles distributed throughout the composite material film.

Methods of forming a composite material film can include providing a mixture comprising a precursor and silane-treated silicon particles. The methods can also include pyrolysing the mixture to convert the precursor into one or more carbon phases to form the composite material film with the silicon particles distributed throughout the composite material film.

The invention relates to a sulfur-crosslinkable rubber mixture, to a vulcanizate thereof and to a vehicle tire. The sulfur-crosslinkable rubber mixture contains at least the following constituents: at least one diene rubber; and 10 to 300 phr of at least one silica; and 1 to 30 phf of at least one silane A having general empirical formula A-I) and/or A-XI) A-I) (R.sup.1).sub.oSiR.sup.2(SR.sup.3).sub.qS.sub.x(R.sup.3S).sub.qR.sup.2Si(R.sup.1).sub.o; A-XI) (R.sup.1).sub.oSiR.sup.2(SR.sup.3).sub.sSX; and 0.5 to 30 phf of at least one silane B having general empirical formula B-I) B-I) (R.sup.1).sub.oSiR.sup.4Si(R.sup.1).sub.o wherein x is an integer from 2 to 10, q is 0, 1, 2 or 3 and s is 1, 2 or 3 and X is a hydrogen atom or a C(O)R.sup.8 group wherein R.sup.8 is selected from hydrogen C.sub.1-C.sub.20-alkyl groups, C.sub.6-C.sub.20-aryl groups, C.sub.2-C.sub.20-alkenyl groups and C.sub.7-C.sub.20-aralkyl groups.

The invention relates to a sulfur-crosslinkable rubber mixture, to a vulcanizate thereof and to a vehicle tire. The sulfur-crosslinkable rubber mixture contains at least the following constituents: at least one diene rubber; and 10 to 300 phr of at least one silica; and 1 to 30 phf of at least one silane A having general empirical formula A-I) and/or A-XI) A-I) (R.sup.1).sub.oSiR.sup.2(SR.sup.3).sub.qS.sub.x(R.sup.3S).sub.qR.sup.2Si(R.sup.1).sub.o; A-XI) (R.sup.1).sub.oSiR.sup.2(SR.sup.3).sub.sSX; and 0.5 to 30 phf of at least one silane B having general empirical formula B-I) B-I) (R.sup.1).sub.oSiR.sup.4Si(R.sup.1).sub.o wherein x is an integer from 2 to 10, q is 0, 1, 2 or 3 and s is 1, 2 or 3 and X is a hydrogen atom or a C(O)R.sup.8 group wherein R.sup.8 is selected from hydrogen C.sub.1-C.sub.20-alkyl groups, C.sub.6-C.sub.20-aryl groups, C.sub.2-C.sub.20-alkenyl groups and C.sub.7-C.sub.20-aralkyl groups.

The invention relates to silane mixtures comprising a silane of the formula I

(R.sup.1).sub.y(R.sup.2).sub.3-ySiR.sup.3(SR.sup.4).sub.nS.sub.xR.sup.5(I)

and a silane of the formula II

(R.sup.1).sub.y(R.sup.2).sub.3-ySiR.sup.3SR.sup.4SR.sup.3Si(R.sup.1).sub.y(R.sup.2).sub.3-y(II)

where the molar ratio of silane of the formula I to silane of the formula II is 15:85-90:10.

The silane mixture according to the invention can be prepared by mixing the silanes of the formula I and silanes of the formula II.

The invention relates to silane mixtures comprising a silane of the formula I

(R.sup.1).sub.y(R.sup.2).sub.3-ySiR.sup.3(SR.sup.4).sub.nS.sub.xR.sup.5(I)

and a silane of the formula II

(R.sup.1).sub.y(R.sup.2).sub.3-ySiR.sup.3SR.sup.4SR.sup.3Si(R.sup.1).sub.y(R.sup.2).sub.3-y(II)

where the molar ratio of silane of the formula I to silane of the formula II is 15:85-90:10.

The silane mixture according to the invention can be prepared by mixing the silanes of the formula I and silanes of the formula II.

The invention relates to silane mixtures comprising a silane of the formula I

((R.sup.1).sub.y(R.sup.2).sub.3-ySiR.sup.3SH(I)

and a silane of the formula II

(R.sup.1).sub.y(R.sup.2).sub.3-ySiR.sup.3(SR.sup.4).sub.zSi(R.sup.1).sub.y(R.sup.2).sub.3-y(II)

where the molar ratio of silane of the formula I to silane of the formula II is 20:80-85:15.

The silane mixture according to the invention can be prepared by mixing the silanes of the formula I and silanes of the formula II.

A water/oil repellent layer-provided article, containing a substrate, a water/oil repellent layer containing a hydrolyzed condensate of a fluorinated compound having a hydrolyzable silyl group, and a silicon oxide layer containing alkali metal atoms, present between the substrate and the water/oil repellent layer, where in the silicon oxide layer, the average concentration of the alkali metal atoms in a region with a depth from the surface in contact with the water/oil repellent layer of at least 0.1 nm and at most 0.3 nm, is at least 2.010.sup.19 atoms/cm.sup.3.

A water/oil repellent layer-provided article, containing a substrate, a water/oil repellent layer containing a hydrolyzed condensate of a fluorinated compound having a hydrolyzable silyl group, and a silicon oxide layer containing alkali metal atoms, present between the substrate and the water/oil repellent layer, where in the silicon oxide layer, the average concentration of the alkali metal atoms in a region with a depth from the surface in contact with the water/oil repellent layer of at least 0.1 nm and at most 0.3 nm, is at least 2.010.sup.19 atoms/cm.sup.3.

A room temperature curable organopolysiloxane composition for protecting electric/electronic parts is disclosed. The composition comprises: (A) an organopolysiloxane having a viscosity at 25 C. of 20 to 1,000,000 mPa.Math.s and having at least two silicon atom-bonded hydroxyl groups or silicon atom-bonded alkoxy groups in a molecule; (B) an alkoxysilane represented by the following general formula or a partial hydrolysis condensation product thereof: R.sup.1.sub.aSi(OR.sup.2).sub.(4-a) wherein R.sup.1 is a monovalent hydrocarbon group having a carbon number of 1 to 12, R.sup.2 is an alkyl group having a carbon number of 1 to 3, and subscript a is an integer of 0 to 2; (C) a mercaptobenzothiazole based compound; (D) zinc oxide powder and/or zinc carbonate powder; and (E) a catalyst for condensation reactions. The composition and/or a cured product thereof can protect electric/electronic parts from corrosive gases such as hydrogen sulfide gas and sulfuric acid contained in the atmosphere.