In certain embodiments, the invention is directed to apparatus comprising a liquid-impregnated surface, said surface comprising an impregnating liquid and a matrix of solid features spaced sufficiently close to stably contain the impregnating liquid therebetween or therewithin, and methods thereof. In some embodiments, one or both of the following holds: (i) 0<ϕ≤0.25, where ϕ is a representative fraction of the projected surface area of the liquid-impregnated surface corresponding to non-submerged solid at equilibrium; and (ii) S.sub.ow(a)<0, where S.sub.ow(a) is spreading coefficient, defined as γ.sub.wa−γ.sub.wo−γ.sub.oa, where γ is the interfacial tension between the two phases designated by subscripts w, a, and o, where w is water, a is air, and o is the impregnating liquid.

A cover glass includes: a glass substrate having a convex and concave shape formed on at least one of surfaces thereof by an antiglare treatment; and an antireflection film disposed on the surface of the glass substrate, the surface having the convex and concave shape. In the cover glass, a difference Δa* in a* value between any two points within a surface of the cover glass on the side where the antireflection film is present and a difference Δb* in b*value between any two points within the surface of the cover glass on the side where the antireflection film is present satisfy the following expression: √{(Δa*).sup.2+(Δb*).sup.2}≤4.

The present application discloses novel multilayer polysiloxane-based fouling control coating systems having included therein active constituents like biocides and/or enzymes. Further, the polysiloxane-based layers may individually have included as a part thereof hydrophilic oligomer/polymer moieties, and/or said may further comprising one or more hydrophilic-modified polysiloxane oils.

Polymer compositions for coating of metal surfaces including moieties that interact with a metal atom in the metal surface and optionally containing antifoulant moieties. These polymer compositions provide lubricious coatings for medical devices, anticorrosion coatings for metal components, and antifoulant coatings for marine components such as propellers. The polymer composition is synthesized in a safe manner in which the synthesis components are added to a synthesis vat and there is no need for filtration or removal of waste materials in any step including the consumer use. As such this invention provides an environmentally sound approach to composition synthesis, formulation development, and consumer use.

The current disclosure describes a polymer composite which can comprise a polyurethane and a functionalized polyalkyl-siloxane. Polymer composites described herein can be useful for having and/or enhancing antifouling activity.

A variety of polyoxyalkylene coupled zwitterionic moieties are provided as well as surface active reactive polymers containing the polyoxyalkylene coupled zwitterionic moieties. When incorporated in coating systems, such surface active polymers show strong propensity to stratify during curing. The zwitterionic groups presented at the end of polyalkylene oxide chains can allow for effective exposure of the zwitterionic groups at the coating/water interface as the polyoxyalkylene side chains of the said SAP can further extend (to its radius of gyration) into the water phase. Additional features of the polyoxyalkylene coupled zwitterionic moieties can include a reactive end group (R) to allow covalent attachment of the moiety to a surface, a particle, a small molecule, or a polymer. Coating compositions and coated articles containing the polyoxyalkylene coupled zwitterionic moieties are also provided.

A method is provided for establishing a fouling-release coating system on a surface of a substrate, as well as the fouling-release coating system per se. The fouling-release coating composition which is used in the method comprises one or more sterically hindered amines, in particular 2,2,6,6-tetraalkyl piperidine derivatives.

The present invention is to provide an antifouling coating composition capable of forming an antifouling coating film that exhibits a high antifouling performance even in a marine area having a heavy fouling load by animal species such as barnacles, has excellent slime resistance, and is prevented from cracking. Further, the present invention is also to provide an antifouling coating film, a substrate with an antifouling coating film and a method of producing the substrate, and an antifouling method, each using the composition. The antifouling coating composition of the present invention contains a polyorganosiloxane block-containing hydrolyzable copolymer (A) and medetomidine (B), wherein the polyorganosiloxane block-containing hydrolyzable copolymer (A) contains (i) a constituent unit derived from a hydrolyzable group-containing monomer (a1) and (ii) a constituent unit derived from a polyorganosiloxane block-containing monomer (a2).

The invention pertains generally to providing an increased amount of both hydrophobicity and oleophobicity by the combination of at least one silane and at least one siloxane, the silane preferably being a trialkoxysilane of Formula (I) and at least one polysiloxane of Formula (II), the combined composition of silane and polysiloxane having no added perfluorinated compounds. The invention further includes an ability to darken the color of the surface to which it is applied by at least 5, preferably 10 “L” units, giving the surface more of a “wet” look.

The invention relates to a curable coating composition comprising at least one surface-modifying amphiphilic additive and at least one siloxane-polyurethane coating composition. The invention also relates to methods of making and using the curable coating composition of the invention. The invention also relates to methods for reducing or preventing biofouling of a surface exposed to an aqueous environment comprising the use of the curable coating composition of the invention.