The invention relates to metal complexes and to electronic devices, in particular organic electroluminescence devices, containing said metal complexes.

Provided is a compound comprising the structure:

(SIG)-(SI-MOD).sub.m.

In this compound, SIG is a signaling molecule, SI is a self-immolative structure bound to SIG such that SIG has a reduced signal relative to the signal of SIG without SI, MOD is a moiety bound to SI that is subject to modification by an activator, and m is an integer from 1 to about 10. With this compound, when MOD is modified by an activator, SI is destabilized and self-cleaved from SIG such that SIG generates an increased signal. Also provided is a method of determining whether a sample comprises an activator, using the above-described compound. Additionally provided is a method of determining whether a cell comprises a nitroreductase using the above-described compound where nitroreductase is the activator. Further provided is a method of determining whether a mammalian cell is hypoxic using the above-described compound where nitroreductase is the activator. A method of detecting a microorganism that comprises a nitroreductase, using the above-described compound where nitroreductase is the activator, is also provided. Also provided is a method of identifying nitroreductase in a sample, using the above-described compound where nitroreductase is the activator.

A condensed cyclic compound and an organic light-emitting device including the same are provided.

A condensed cyclic compound and an organic light-emitting device, the compound being represented by Formula 1 below: ##STR00001##

There is provided an electroactive material having Formula I

##STR00001##

wherein: Q is the same or different at each occurrence and can be O, S, Se, Te, NR, SO, SO.sub.2, or SiR.sub.3; R is the same or different at each occurrence and can be hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, alkenyl, or alkynyl; and R.sup.1 through R.sup.6 are the same or different and can be hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, halogen, hydroxyl, aryloxy, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, amino, alkylthio, phosphino, silyl, —COR, —COOR, —PO.sub.3R.sub.2, —OPO.sub.3R.sub.2, or CN.

An object of the present invention is to provide an organic electroluminescent element containing: a plurality of light emitting units interposed between a pair of an anode and a cathode; and a charge generating unit formed between the light emitting units, wherein a light emitting layer of a light emitting unit located in an N-th order from the anode and a light emitting layer of a light emitting unit located in an (N+1)-th order from the anode each contain an emission dopant to emit light of the same emission color; and a largest maximum emission wavelength in a photoluminescent spectrum of the emission dopant in the light emitting layer of the N-th light emitting unit is shorter than a largest maximum emission wavelength in a photoluminescent spectrum of the emission dopant in the light emitting layer of the (N+1)-th light emitting unit.

Disclosed herein are combinations of a dopant compound and a host compound. The dopant being an Iridium complex and the host being a carbazole derivative. Also made known are electroluminescent devices comprising the same.

The present invention relates to a heterocyclic compound containing an aromatic amine group and an organic light-emitting device comprising the same and, more specifically, to a heterocyclic compound and an organic light-emitting device comprising the same, the heterocyclic compound being excellent in brightness and excellent light emission efficiency and being able to exhibit long life and excellent device characteristics when being used as an organic light-emitting material.

The invention relates to an organic molecule, in particular for the application in optoelectronic devices. According to the invention, the organic molecule is represented by a plurality of units, wherein each unit includes or consists of a structure represented by Formula I

##STR00001##

wherein

n=0 or 1; and

X is at each occurrence independently selected from the group consisting of a direct bond, CR.sup.3R.sup.4, C═CR.sup.3R.sup.4, C═O, C═NR.sup.3, NR.sup.3, O, SiR.sup.3R.sup.4, S, S(O) and S(O).sub.2.

The present invention provides an organic material composition and applications thereof. By the combination of the compounds comprised in the organic material composition, the organic material composition makes the element have a lower driving voltage, a higher current efficiency and a longer service life.