A gasification burner for a multiple-burner arrangement in an entrained-flow gasifier, in which the gasification burner extends along a main axis and in which the media for the gasification reaction in the gasification burner are guided in separate media channels and exit at the burner mouth in a direction having an angle to the main axis that is not zero. A vertical installation with an optimally adaptable flame shape is provided. Depending on the orientation of the burners, the flame shape is adaptable, whether it be a minimized total flame diameter for an initial slag formation of the cooling screen or an increase in the total twist of the total flame for an increased particle deposition on the reactor wall. The gasification burner with angled burner tips can be used as part of a retrofit.

A process for pressurizing bulk material in a hopper; wherein the hopper is configured as a lock hopper (29) containing a bulk material, a source of pressurized gas, lines (22, 26, 28) to convey the pressurized gas from the source to one or more inlets (30) of the lock hopper, a valve arranged in the lines, wherein the opening position of said valve (34, 35) is controlled to provide pressurizing gas to the lock hopper at a preset constant gas volume flow rate.

An integrated apparatus of industrial furnace and biomass gasification system and a process of operating said system are disclosed. Hot flue gas containing high concentration of CO.sub.2 and water issued from an industrial furnace such as a glass furnace or a melting furnace for non-ferrous metals is introduced into a biomass gasification system as a heat source to promote the pyrolysis of biomass and/or as a gasification agent to generate syngas. The generated syngas is blended with solid-fuel such as petcoke before being introduced into the industrial furnace to facilitate ignition and combustion of petcoke. Overall CO.sub.2, NO.sub.x and SO.sub.x emission from the industrial furnace are reduced, and the lifetime of the industrial furnace is increased.

A gasification reactor comprises a pressure shell; a reaction zone partly bounded by a tubular membrane wall enclosed by the pressure shell; at least one burner having a burner head, said burner head protruding the membrane wall; at least one cooling device arranged in the membrane wall and enclosing the burner head of at least one burner, the at least one cooling device comprising several concentric rings of increasing diameter, forming a truncated cone shape having a largest diameter opening facing the reaction zone and a smallest diameter opening facing the burner head, each ring being a conduit having an inlet and an outlet for a cooling medium, the smallest diameter opening for the burner head being located between the pressure shell and the membrane wall; the cooling device comprising at least one part-circular outer ring having an interruption.

Carbonaceous-containing material including biomass, municipal solid waste, and/or coal and/or contaminated soil, and/or other carbonaceous materials may be gasified at low temperatures utilizing a reactor designed to generate shockwaves in a supersonic gaseous vortex. Preprocessed waste may be introduced into the reactor. A gas stream may be introduced substantially tangentially to an inner surface of a chamber of the reactor to generate a gaseous vortex rotating about a longitudinal axis within the chamber. The gas stream may be introduced using a nozzle that accelerates the gas stream to a supersonic velocity, and may impinge on an impactor positioned within the reactor chamber. A frequency of shockwaves emitted from the nozzle into the gaseous vortex may be controlled. The processed waste discharged from the reactor, which may include a gas component and at least a solid component, can be subjected to separation, and at least some of the gas component and at least one solid component (i.e., tars) may be fed back to the feeding device so that the solids from the processed waste condense on preprocessed waste contained in the feeding device and are reprocessed within the reactor. The gas component from the feeding device may be cleaned after the solids have been condensed out in the feeding device.

A gasification process may include (a) introducing a liquid hydrocarbon feedstock and at least one of a dry feedstock or a first slurried feedstock into a reactor lower section, wherein the at least one dry feedstock or first slurried feedstock is introduced through two primary feed nozzles while the liquid hydrocarbon feedstock is introduced through at least two secondary feed nozzles; (b) partially combusting the feedstocks in the reactor lower section with a gas stream comprising an oxygen-containing gas or steam to evolve heat and form products comprising hot synthesis gas; (c) passing said hot synthesis gas from step (b) upward into a reactor upper section; (d) and introducing a second slurried feedstock into said reactor upper section, whereby heat from said hot synthesis gas supports reaction of the second slurried feedstock by pyrolysis and gasification reactions.

A process for the gasification of a solid carbonaceous feed, the process comprising the steps of: introducing a batch of the solid carbonaceous feed into a sluice vessel, while an internal pressure in the sluice vessel is at a first pressure; introducing at least recycled CO2 into the sluice vessel via one or more gas inlets covered by the solid carbonaceous feed, to pressurize the sluice vessel from the first pressure to a second pressure exceeding the first pressure, during a predetermined time period; closing the one or more gas inlets; opening a feed outlet of the sluice vessel to supply the batch of the solid carbonaceous feed to a feed vessel for feeding the solid carbonaceous feed to a gasification reactor; closing the feed outlet; venting the sluice vessel to reduce the internal pressure to the first pressure; and repeating the process.

The invention is directed to a burner for the gasification of a solid fuel, comprising a burner front having an opening for discharging a solid fuel, wherein the opening for discharging the solid fuel is fluidly connected to a central passage way and wherein the central passage way has a downstream part wherein the diameter of the passage way increases over a first length and subsequently decreases over a second length terminating at the burner front and wherein inside the downstream part of the central passage way a hollow member is positioned, and wherein the hollow member has an internal increasing diameter and inner decreasing diameter aligned with the increasing and decreasing diameter of the hollow member and wherein the connecting conduits have a discharge opening positioned in the diverging part of the hollow member.

An injector mixer for a gasification reactor system that utilizes reactants includes an injector body that extends between a first face and a second face. The injector body includes a first passage that extends between the first face and the second face and has a first central axis. At least one second, impinging passage extends between the first face and second face and has an associated second central axis that has an angle with the first axis. The angle satisfies mixing efficiency Equation (I) disclosed herein.

A carbonaceous fuel gasification system for a supercritical CO.sub.2 power cycle system includes a micronized char preparation system comprising a devolatilizer that receives solid carbonaceous fuel, hydrogen, oxygen, and fluidizing steam and produces micronized char, steam, hydrogen, and volatiles. An indirect gasifier includes a vessel comprising a gasification chamber that receives the micronized char, a conveying gas, and steam where the gasification chamber provides syngas, ash, and steam. A combustion chamber receives syngas and an oxidant and burns the mixture of syngas with the oxidant to provide heat for gasification and for heating incoming flows, thereby generating steam and CO.sub.2. The heat for gasification is transferred from the combustion chamber to the gasification chamber by circulating refractory sand. A syngas cooler cools the syngas and generates steam and provides to a supercritical CO.sub.2 power cycle system that performs a supercritical CO.sub.2 power cycle for generating power.