Improved fuel compositions and fuel additive packages which serve to prolong stability at various ambient conditions and to increase fuel efficiency and fuel economy while also significantly reducing the level of multiple emissions constituents generated upon combustion of the fuels including CO.sub.2, NO.sub.X, SO.sub.X, Particulate Matter PM2.5, PM10 and Black Carbon. The fuels may include the hydrocarbon fuels gasolines, diesel fuels, biodiesel fuels, biomass diesel fuels, renewable fuels, synthetic fuels, algae-based fuels, kerosene fuel or heavy fuel oils, or may alternatively be hydrosols, and include an additive package having a sorbitan oleate, a polyoxyethylene alcohol, an alkylene glycol, and an amine. The fuels are mixed with an additive and are emulsified with clean, soft water having a water quality of 1 micron or less.

A cavitation process for preparing a water-in-oil emulsion including a) adding water to fuel in a range of 5% to 35% of the total volume; b) feeding both water and fuel into an enclosed space, where the mixture is accelerated through a pressure rise induced by a pumping system; c) forcing the mixture through an acceleration tunnel where it hits a first cavitation barrier with adjustable bolts; d) feeding the mixture through a first decompression chamber causing a pressure decrease and subsequent vaporization of the mixture to form a vaporized mixture, forming water droplets whose diameter ranges from 1 m to 3 m; e) feeding the vaporized mixture on the second cavitation barrier with adjustable bolts, to a second decompression and forming water droplets of diameter of 0.1 m or less.

A method for powering a diesel engine with a fuel emulsion involves preparing the fuel emulsion by emulsifying a fuel and water in the presence of an emulsifier package, which contains a branched surfactant of the formula (I) as defined below and optionally, a propoxylated surfactant of the formula (II) as defined below. A fuel emulsion for powering a diesel engine is also provided.

A method for powering a diesel engine with a fuel emulsion involves preparing the fuel emulsion by emulsifying a fuel and water in the presence of an emulsifier package, which contains a short-chained surfactant of the formula (I) as defined below and optionally, a long-chained surfactant of the formula (II) as defined below. A fuel emulsion for powering a diesel engine is also provided.

The invention relates to aqueous polymer dispersions comprising at least one polymer obtainable by the reaction of at least one monomer M1 of the general formula (I): H.sub.2CCHC(O)OR, wherein R is an unbranched alkyl chain comprising from 18 to 22 carbon atoms, and optionally at least one monomer M2. The invention relates moreover to a method for the preparing of such aqueous polymer dispersion and the use thereof as pour point depressant for crude oil, petroleum, and petroleum products.

The invention provides dispersions comprising I) at least one oil-soluble polymer effective as a cold flow improver for mineral oils, II) at least one organic, water-immiscible solvent, III) a dispersant comprising, based on the total amount of dispersant, a) 10-90% by weight of a salt of an ethercarboxylic acid and b) 90-10% by weight of a nonionic surfactant, IV) water and V) at least one organic, water-miscible solvent.

Improved fuel compositions and fuel additive packages which serve to prolong stability at various ambient conditions and to increase fuel efficiency and fuel economy while also significantly reducing the level of multiple emissions constituents generated upon combustion of the fuels including CO.sub.2, NO.sub.x, SO.sub.x, Particulate Matter PM2.5, PM10 and Black Carbon. The fuels may include the hydrocarbon fuels gasolines, diesel fuels, biodiesel fuels, biomass diesel fuels, renewable fuels, synthetic fuels, algae-based fuels, kerosene fuel or heavy fuel oils, or may alternatively be hydrosols, and include an additive package having a sorbitan oleate, a polyoxyethylene alcohol, an alkylene glycol, and an amine. The fuels are mixed with an additive and are emulsified with clean, soft water having a water quality of 1 micron or less.

The invention pertains to a novel additive for fuels comprising iso-propanol in an amount of from 60-70 Vol.-%, diesel and gasoline each in an amount of from 10-20 vol.-% and water in an amount of from 1-5 vol.-%. In another aspect the composition comprises Iso-propanol in an amount of from 60-70 vol.-%, lineseed oil in an amount of from 15-25 vol.-%, gasoline fuel in an amount of from 10-20 vol.-%, and water in an amount of from 1-5 vol.-%. The invention further relates to the use of the said additive in reducing carbon monoxide (CO) and unburnt hydrocarbons (HC) levels from emissions of combustion engines.

Provided are water-based fuel additive compositions that, when combusted with a fuel containing vanadium in a gas turbine, inhibit vanadium hot corrosion in the gas turbine. The water-based fuel additive compositions include at least one rare earth element compound or alkaline earth element compound that retards vanadium corrosion resulting from combustion of vanadium rich fuel.

The present invention is directed to vapor suppression of liquids through disposing a layer of surfactant onto the surfaces of liquids for surfactants having a density greater than the liquid and regardless of surface tension spreadability issues, and compositions comprising the surfactants in aerosolized form.