Low carbon atomic number mixed alcohol gel paste or pancake and straw charcoal grate combination of ignition agent, with fossil fuels such as bituminous coal lignite, straw branches and other agricultural and forestry waste, polyolefin and other synthetic organic polymer waste, other combustible solid and semi-solid low-value raw fuels, with non-toxic auxiliary materials carefully crafted high volatile column ignition coal and lower coal, are stacked in the insulation—fire-resistant furnace core. Throw in a small strip of burning paper to ignite the igniter from the top, that is, start long flame combustion, followed by the ignition coal on fire, its surface red hot coal layer will be designed to move down more quickly and gradually, to the lower coal on fire.

Provided is a coal briquette manufacturing apparatus including a material storage configured to store a plurality of materials for manufacturing coal briquette; a material mixer configured to mix the plurality of materials discharged from the material storage; a coal briquette manufacturer configured to manufacture the coal briquette by press-forming the materials mixed in the material mixer; and a conveyor provided to the material storage, the material mixer or the coal briquette manufacturer, and configured to transport the plurality of materials or the coal briquette, wherein the plurality of materials includes coal ashes, dolomite, and limestone, and a weight of the coal ashes is 70 to 80% of an entire weight of the plurality of materials.

Provided is a coal briquette manufacturing apparatus including a material storage configured to store a plurality of materials for manufacturing coal briquette; a material mixer configured to mix the plurality of materials discharged from the material storage; a coal briquette manufacturer configured to manufacture the coal briquette by press-forming the materials mixed in the material mixer; and a conveyor provided to the material storage, the material mixer or the coal briquette manufacturer, and configured to transport the plurality of materials or the coal briquette, wherein the plurality of materials includes coal ashes, dolomite, and limestone, and a weight of the coal ashes is 70 to 80% of an entire weight of the plurality of materials.

Provided is a coal briquette manufacturing apparatus including a material storage configured to store a plurality of materials for manufacturing coal briquette; a material mixer configured to mix the plurality of materials discharged from the material storage; a coal briquette manufacturer configured to manufacture the coal briquette by press-forming the materials mixed in the material mixer; and a conveyor provided to the material storage, the material mixer or the coal briquette manufacturer, and configured to transport the plurality of materials or the coal briquette, wherein the plurality of materials includes coal ashes, dolomite, and limestone, and a weight of the coal ashes is 70 to 80% of an entire weight of the plurality of materials.

A method for producing charcoal particles or pellets which use different additives as binders for the biochar pellets. The method includes producing a mixture with charcoal and additives selected from nanocrystalline cellulose, nanocrystalline fibrils, bentonite, and polyvinyl acetate. The mixture is created by mixing one or more of the additives with charcoal or bentonite. The mixture is then processed in a pelletizer device. While processing, the surface of the mixture is sprayed with a liquid. Once turned into pellets by way of the pelletizer device, the resulting pellets are then dried by applying heat to the pellets. The liquid can be water or a solution of water and sodium borate.

A method for producing charcoal particles or pellets which use different additives as binders for the biochar pellets. The method includes producing a mixture with charcoal and additives selected from nanocrystalline cellulose, nanocrystalline fibrils, bentonite, and polyvinyl acetate. The mixture is created by mixing one or more of the additives with charcoal or bentonite. The mixture is then processed in a pelletizer device. While processing, the surface of the mixture is sprayed with a liquid. Once turned into pellets by way of the pelletizer device, the resulting pellets are then dried by applying heat to the pellets. The liquid can be water or a solution of water and sodium borate.

A mixed low-carbon alcohol ignition agent in a gel paste or a thin cake, and a cylindrical fire-leading coal and a cylindrical coal placed underneath having a high volatile content and honeycomb-like vent holes which are made from solid fuels such as bitumite, lignite, biomass fuels, polyolefin and waste plastics as well as nontoxic excipients, are vertically combined into a coal pile to be combusted in a furnace core, and the number of the pile may be increased. A firing slip of paper is thrown in to ignite the ignition agent from the top, a long-flame combustion is generated soon, and the fire-leading coal catches fire. A high-temperature zone ranging from 400 C. to 800 C. may be rapidly formed in a simple large combustion chamber between the top of the coal pile and the fire-gathering plate. The radiant heat plus the conductive heat is greater than the convective heat, and the red hot coal layer on the surface of the fire-leading coal will gradually move down at a rapid speed, which causes the coal placed underneath to catch fire. The three major components of the coal pile are elaborately formulated and prepared. The material of the furnace core must fit the coal pile. The high-temperature zone is in the upper portion and the low-temperature zone is in the lower portion, which produces an orderly, long-flame, complete combustion and a static combustion without an air blast, thus realizing a combustion with zero smog throughout the whole process starting from the moment of ignition. In addition, the sulfur-fixing rate is high, the cleanliness of the exhaust gas is close to that of natural gas, the exhaust gas may be discharged directly, the heat-generating efficiency is high, the cost is low, the slag is used as a fertilizer, and it is suitable for various small- and micro-sized stoves for heating and warming.

A method of introducing carbon to an Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) used for melting steel, and a composition of matter including carbon, and made in a briquette form. The composition comprises between 45 and 96 weight percent of a carbon-containing material, between 2 and 30 weight percent of a basic oxide, and between 2 and 25 weight percent of a binder material. The method comprises mixing between 45 and 96 weight percent of a carbon-containing material, between 2 and 30 weight percent of a basic oxide, and between 2 and 25 weight percent of a binder material to form a solid material mixture; compressing individual portions of the solid material mixture into compressed briquettes; curing the compressed briquettes into solid briquettes; and adding the solid briquettes into the molten steel in the electric arc steelmaking furnace.

A method of introducing carbon to an Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) used for melting steel, and a composition of matter including carbon, and made in a briquette form. The composition comprises between 45 and 96 weight percent of a carbon-containing material, between 2 and 30 weight percent of a basic oxide, and between 2 and 25 weight percent of a binder material. The method comprises mixing between 45 and 96 weight percent of a carbon-containing material, between 2 and 30 weight percent of a basic oxide, and between 2 and 25 weight percent of a binder material to form a solid material mixture; compressing individual portions of the solid material mixture into compressed briquettes; curing the compressed briquettes into solid briquettes; and adding the solid briquettes into the molten steel in the electric arc steelmaking furnace.

Some variations provide a biomedia composition comprising: from 50 wt % to 75 wt % total carbon, on a dry basis, according to ASTM D5373, wherein the total carbon is renewable according to ASTM D6866 (.sup.14C/.sup.12C isotopic ratio); from 20 wt % to 40 wt % oxygen, on a dry basis, according ASTM D5373; from 3 wt % to 10 wt % hydrogen, on a dry basis, according to ASTM D5373; and from 0.1 wt % to 2 wt % nitrogen, on a dry basis, according to ASTM D5373, wherein the biomedia composition is characterized by volatile-matter content from 50 wt % to 75 wt %, according to ASTM D3175; wherein the biomedia composition is characterized by ash content from 1 wt % to 25 wt %, according to ASTM D3174; and wherein the biomedia composition is characterized by moisture content from 0 to 75 wt %, according to ASTM D3173. Processes are also described to make and use the biomedia compositions.