The present invention relates to an aviation fuel composition comprising an aviation range fuel component and a diesel range fuel component originating from renewable sources, the diesel range fuel component having a cloud point of at most about 20 C. and existent gum more than about 7 mg/100 ml, wherein existent gum of the aviation fuel composition is at most about 7 mg/100 ml.

Gasoline fuel composition suitable for use in an internal combustion engine comprising: (a) Fischer-Tropsch derived naphtha at a level from 2 to 20% v/v; (b) at least one aromatic octane booster present at a level of 0.75 to 8% v/v or less; and (c) a gasoline base fuel; wherein the gasoline fuel composition comprises 40% v/v or less of aromatics. In a preferred embodiment, the Research Octane Number (RON) of the gasoline fuel composition is increased while maintaining the aromatic content of the gasoline fuel composition at a level of 40% v/v or less, based on the gasoline fuel composition.

Process for preparing a diesel fuel composition comprising the steps of: (i) blending a Fischer-Tropsch derived gasoil with a petroleum derived gasoil to form a blended gasoil which is compliant with the EN590 specification, wherein the Fischer-Tropsch derived gasoil has a density of 0.8 g/cm.sup.3 or less and wherein the petroleum derived gasoil is derived from naphthenic high density petroleum crude oil and has a density at 15? C. of 0.84 g/cm.sup.3 or greater and a naphthenics content of 30 wt % or greater; and (ii) mixing the blended gasoil produced in step (i) with a diesel base fuel to form a diesel fuel composition, wherein the diesel fuel composition has a density at 15? C. in the range from 0.820 g/cm.sup.3 to 0.845 g/cm.sup.3.

A bio-reforming reactor receives biomass to generate chemical grade syngas for a coupled downstream train of any of 1) a methanol-synthesis-reactor train, 2) a methanol-to-gasoline reactor train, and 3) a high-temperature Fischer-Tropsch reactor train, that use this syngas derived from the biomass in the bio-reforming reactor. A renewable carbon content of the produced gasoline, jet fuel, and/or diesel derived from the coupled downstream trains of any of 1) the methanol-synthesis-reactor train, 2) the methanol-to-gasoline reactor train, or 3) the high-temperature Fischer-Tropsch reactor train are optimized for recovery of renewable carbon content to produce fuel products with 100% biogenic carbon content and/or fuel products with 50-100% biogenic carbon content. A carbon-dioxide gas feedback loop cooperates with a CO2 separation unit to supply a fraction of the CO2 gas that is removed from the chemical grade syngas produced from the reactor output of the BRR to supply extracted CO2 gas to the biomass feed system.

The present disclosure relates to a processes and systems for producing fuels from biomass with high carbon conversion efficiency. The processes and systems described herein provide a highly efficient process for producing hydrocarbons from biomass with very low Green House Gas (GHG) emissions using a specific combination of components, process flows, and recycle streams. The processes and systems described herein provide a carbon conversion efficiency greater than 95% with little to no GHG in the flue gas due to the novel arrangement of components and utilizes renewable energy to provide energy to some components. The system reuses water and carbon dioxide produced in the process flows and recycles naphtha and tail gas streams to other units in the system for additional conversion to syngas to produce hydrocarbon-based fuels.

A synthetic fuel manufacturing system according to an embodiment includes: a carbon dioxide electrolysis unit that discharges cathode gas containing carbon monoxide gas and hydrogen gas; a booster that increases a pressure of the cathode gas; a synthetic fuel generation unit that generates a synthetic fuel by means of the cathode gas having the increased pressure; and a combustion section. The combustion section combusts anode gas containing carbon dioxide gas and oxygen gas, and off gas containing hydrocarbon gas, to generate highly concentrated gas having an increased concentration of the carbon dioxide gas. The carbon dioxide electrolysis unit electrolyzes the carbon dioxide gas contained in the highly concentrated gas discharged from the combustion section.

Provided is a fuel composition prepared by adding gas-to-liquid oil and water to light cycle oil to conduct emulsification. The fuel composition is used as a fuel for a diesel engine (12) in a ship (10). The ship (10) includes a fresh water tank (15), an LCO tank (13), and a GTL tank (14) configured to store water, light cycle oil, and gas-to-liquid oil, respectively, and a mixer (16) configured to mix the water, the light cycle oil, and the gas-to-liquid oil fed from the respective tanks to produce the fuel composition.

Diesel fuel composition suitable for use in an internal combustion engine comprising: (a) 2 mass % to 30 mass % of kerosene having a kinematic viscosity at 40 C. of 1.5 mm.sup.2/s or less and a density of 810 kg/m.sup.3 or less; (b) 2 mass % to 20 mass % of Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil having a kinematic viscosity at 40 C. of 7.5 mm.sup.2/s or greater and a density of 790 kg/m.sup.3 or greater; and (c) diesel base fuel. The diesel fuel composition of the present invention provides improved cold flow properties while simultaneously maintaining other properties such as viscosity and density within diesel fuel specification requirements.

Compositions and methods for enhancing secretion of oils from oil producing cells are described herein. In particular, secretion of oils is enhanced by treating the cells with herbicides. The oils generated according to the invention may be useful, for example, in the production of biofuels.

A fuel composition comprising a Fischer-Tropsch derived middle distillate fuel and a middle distillate flow improver, the remainder being another fuel component or mixture of fuel components. The other fuel component is selected from petroleum derived middle distillate fuel, hydrogenated vegetable oil, fatty acid methyl esters, and other Fischer Tropsch products. The Fischer-Tropsch derived middle distillate fuel is more than 80% v/v of the total composition; the maximum weight content in the carbon number distribution of the n-paraffins in the Fischer-Tropsch derived middle distillate fuel is below C16 and the weight ratio of iso to normal paraffins in the Fischer-Tropsch derived middle distillate fuel is 3.5:1 or higher. The middle distillate flow improver is a substituted ethylene polymer.