The present disclosure relates to methods and compositions for making bio-based, biodegradable, and non-bioaccumulating lubricating base oils generated by esterifying alkoxylated polyols (average alkoxylation ≥3) with long-chain (≥C14) saturated and unsaturated fatty acids (FA) or fatty acids modified using industry recognized techniques.

The present invention describes a process for obtaining a biolubricant from vegetable oil, which comprises the steps of (a) esterification reaction of the product of vegetable oil hydrolysis using a branched aliphatic alcohol; (b) epoxidation reaction of the esters obtained in step (a); and (c) nucleophilic substitution reaction of the epoxidated esters obtained in step (b) using a branched aliphatic alcohol. The present invention also describes a biolubricant obtained from the process. More specifically, a biolubricant is described that is produced from a ricinoleic fatty acid, whose formula is illustrated in FIG. 1 of the present invention, and where R.sub.1 is a hydroxyl or it is from the formula R.sub.3COO.sup.−, with R.sub.3 being an alkyl radical C.sub.1-C.sub.3, preferably a methyl radical; and R.sub.2 consists of a straight chain of hydrocarbons C.sub.4-C.sub.8 and a branched chain of hydrocarbons C.sub.1-C.sub.3.

Described herein are methods of stabilizing the beta hydrogen of glycerol based esters by the insertion of alkoxy groups to significantly improve the thermal, oxidative, and hydrolytic stability of the ester and allow for controlling the molar density of esters bonds in the lubricants to maximize hydrolytic stability while maintaining biodegradability and further improving performance properties.

Various liquid and semisolid lubricant compositions are provided, in particular lubricant compositions are provided which have been chemically modified to increase a concentration of triacylglyceride estolide content. The estolides can be produced via esterification with one or more fatty acids such as palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, lauric acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, or a combination thereof. Both liquid and semisolid lubricant compositions are provided.

A low transition temperature mixture (LTTM) or deep eutectic solvent (DES) useful as a lubricating oil base stock and lubricating oil including a eutectic mixture of at least a first component and at least a second component. The at least first component comprises a hydrogen bond acceptor and the at least second component comprises a hydrogen bond donor. The eutectic mixture includes an equilibrium phase between the at least first component and the at least second component. The equilibrium phase does not exhibit physical characteristics of the at least first component in an unmixed state and the at least second component in an unmixed state. The at least first component and the at least second component form an intermolecular interaction between each other sufficient to prevent crystallization of the at least first component and the at least second component in the eutectic mixture. The eutectic mixture is a liquid at 20 C.

The invention relates to ester compounds of the general formula (I)

##STR00001##

to a process for preparation thereof and to the use thereof. These ester compounds may contain a mixture of at least two compounds of the general formula (I).

The invention relates to novel ester compounds of the general formula (I) ##STR00001##
to a process for preparation thereof and to the use thereof. These ester compounds may contain a mixture of at least two compounds of the general formula (I).

Liquid compositions for use in compression refrigeration, air-conditioning and heat pump systems in which a fluoroalkene containing from 3 to 4 carbon atoms and at least 1 but no more than 2 double bonds is combined with an effective amount to provide lubrication of an essentially miscible organic lubricant comprised of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen and having a ratio of oxygen to carbon effective to provide a degree of miscibility with said fluoroalkene so that when up to five weight percent of lubricant is added to said fluoroalkene the refrigerant has one liquid phase at at least one temperature between 40 and +70 C. Methods for producing refrigeration and heating with the fluoroalkenes, alone or in combination with the disclosed lubricants, are also disclosed.

A dry lubricant for conveyor belts and other surfaces set for lubricating through direct application via a nozzle is disclosed. Lubricants including a homogeneous mixture of fatty acids, a hydrocarbon such as a mineral oil, a sorbitan ester, and a polyglycol, which are substantially-free of water are disclosed. Methods of using the lubricants in dry and semi-dry modes are further disclosed.

This disclosure relates to a lubricating oil having a lubricating oil base stock as a major component, and one or more lubricating oil additives as a minor component. The lubricating oil base stock has at least one first ester that is partially esterified, and at least one second ester that is fully esterified. The lubricating oil has a flash point from about 125 C. to about 225 C. as determined by ASTM D-93, and a kinematic viscosity (KV.sub.100) from about 1 to about 5 at 100 C. as determined by ASTM D-445. The at least one first ester and the at least one second ester are present in an amount such that, as the flash point of the lubricating oil is increased, the kinematic viscosity (KV.sub.100) of the lubricating oil is decreased or maintained. This disclosure also relates to a method for increasing flash point, while decreasing or maintaining viscosity, of a lubricating oil in an engine or other mechanical component lubricated with the lubricating oil by using the lubricating oil.