Methods and compositions directed to altering a population of sRNAs in a sperm using vesicles isolated from an epididymosome are provided. Methods and compositions directed to altering a population of sRNAs in an oocyte using vesicles isolated from an epididymosome are also provided. Methods for altering an sRNA population in a sperm or an oocyte can be used to prevent, or reduce the severity of, a disease, disorder, or condition that would otherwise be inherited by progeny. For example, certain epigenetic inherited conditions due to paternal effects, such as certain metabolic and stress disorders and conditions, can be ameliorated in progeny using sperm or oocytes having an altered sRNA population.

Provided herein are improved, cost-effective and environmentally friendly methods of production of recombinant AAV (rAAV) in embryonated avian eggs. Further provided herein is a provides embryonated avian eggs as novel host vehicles for high-yield production of rAAV, including both packaging and propagation. In particular, embryonated chicken eggs provide a novel expression vehicle for AAV of mammalian origin, irrespective of AAV serotype. The disclosed methods may comprise packaging of rAAV in embryonated avian eggs (e.g., chicken eggs) by inoculating an embryonated avian egg with a first nucleic acid vector comprising a transgene and a second nucleic acid vector comprising AAV rep and cap genes, incubating the egg, and isolating rAAV from the egg, wherein the AAV is of non-avian origin. Also provided are methods of purifying and propagating packaged rAAV in embryonated avian eggs or in avian embryonic fibroblasts.

Methods of generating modified embryos and mammals by introduction of donor cells into an early stage embryo are provided, such that the resulting embryo and animal generated therefrom has a significant contribution to all tissues from the donor cells and is capable of transmitting the donor cell DNA.

Disclosed herein include methods and compositions for in vitro culture of three-dimensional expanded pluripotency (EP) structures from pluripotent stem cells. In some embodiments, the method can include generating expanded pluripotent stem cells (EPSCs) and culturing the EPSCs in a composition capable of supporting generation of the EP structure.

Cells incorporating a synthetic molecule construct of the structure F—S.sub.1—S.sub.2-L where: F—S.sub.1 is an aminoalkylglycoside where F is a mono-, di-, tri- or oligo-saccharide and S.sub.1 is 2-aminoethyl, 3-aminopropyl, 4-aminobutyl, or 5-aminopentyl; S.sub.2 is —CO(CH.sub.2).sub.2CO—, —CO(CH.sub.2).sub.3CO—, —CO(CH.sub.2).sub.4CO— or —CO(CH.sub.2).sub.5CO—; and L is phosphatidylethanolamine.

A embryo culture dish comprising: a first sidewall; a second sidewall attached to the first sidewall; a third sidewall attached to the second sidewall; a fourth sidewall attached to the third and first sidewalls, the four sidewalls forming an outer perimeter that forms a generally rectangular shape; a dish floor that is generally in communication with the four sidewalls, the dish floor comprising: a top surface that is at a first elevation; at least one rectangular shaped embryo culture well, the at least one rectangular shaped embryo culture well comprising: an outer perimeter that has generally a rectangular shape; a first slanted wall that comprises a first side of the rectangular shaped embryo culture well; a second slanted wall that comprises an opposite side from the first side of the rectangular shaped embryo culture well, the first and second slanted walls extend downward and towards each other until they both intersect with a well floor of the rectangular shaped embryo culture well, the well floor having a well top surface, and where the well top surface is at a second elevation, the second elevation being below the first elevation; at least one shaped well, the shaped well comprising: an outer perimeter that has generally a shape; a shaped well floor, the shaped well floor having a shaped well floor top surface, and where the shaped well floor top surface is at a third elevation, the third elevation being below the first elevation. A method of using a square time-lapse dish, the method comprising: adding a medium to a square time lapse dish; tilting the square time-lapse dish to an angle α; removing excess medium from a large well in the time-lapse dish, with the square time-lapse dish at angle α; and returning the square time-lapse dish to a horizontal orientation.

The present invention provides a novel oocyte maturation medium or/and embryo culture medium with a chemically defined supplement to produce matured oocytes at high efficiency. The inventive medium or supplement comprises three growth factors, namely, fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in a synergistic combination. Methods for oocyte and embryo culture are also provided.

Processing and use of fluids from the reproductive tract (biofluids) to improve the in vitro production of mammalian embryos comprising the following steps: a) fractionation and processing of biofluids through a sorting, purification, lyophilization and subsequent storage; b) a method of sperm capacitation in a culture medium supplemented with biofluids; c) in vitro fertilization in a medium enriched with biofluids and d) subsequent in vitro culture with development of the obtained embryos to any stage of preimplantational development in culture media supplemented with biofluids.

Stabilized amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) for treatment of several neurological, muscular and infertility diseases and conditions is provided. In particular, the stabilized ACC may be used in the treatment of axonal defects and muscular dystrophy. In addition, provided are improved methods used in assistant reproductive technology. Examples of such methods are in vitro fertilization and improvement of sperm quality. The improved IVF method, for example, comprises addition of the stabilized ACC to the cell culture medium in which the stages of fertilization and embryo development occurs.

The disclosure relates to Bovine germplasm of Bos taurus HO840003210132823. Included in the present disclosure are cells comprising the genome of Bovine HO840003210132823 characterized by the presence of homozygous loci and spermatozoa obtained from said cells. Also provided by the present disclosure are tissue cultures of cells, animals obtained from said cells, and parts thereof, including F1 spermatozoa. The disclosure further provides for methods of breeding, selecting, and using the germplasm to improve existing commercial cattle herds generated from in vitro fertilization methods and progeny cattle obtained from in vitro fertilization and implantation and artificial insemination methods.