The present invention relates to a differentiation method for obtaining a large quantity of microglia by patterning, proliferating, culturing, and inducing the differentiation of yolk sac-mimic 3D organoids prepared from human pluripotent stem cells, wherein the microglia thus obtained in a large quantity exhibit significantly superior effects in terms of yield, purity, and storage stability compared to cells differentiated by existing differentiation methods, and thus may be utilized in research on lesions and therapeutic mechanisms of brain diseases, and drug screening platforms.

The present application provides a pluripotent stem cell-derived neuronal culture system for use in modeling neurodegenerative diseases, drug screening and target discovery; and methods of generating homogenous, terminally differentiated neuronal culture from pluripotent stem cells, and compositions resulting thereof; as well as automated cell culture systems that sustain long-term differentiation, maturation and/or growth of neuronal cells for use in modeling neurodegenerative diseases.

The present disclosure concerns a cell or tissue culture system comprising a solid support for the culture of adherent cells or adherent tissues and a plurality of cationic dendrimers associated to the surface of the solid support. Each cationic dendrimer includes one or more functional amine group. The cationic dendrimer is protonated at physiological pH. The cell or tissue culture system can be used for the culture of adherent cells or tissues and be used for the differentiation of stem cells.

The present invention relates to a stable method for introducing at least one inducible cassette into a cell, and permitting controllable transcription from within that inducible cassette. The method may be used for any cell type, from any eukaryotic organism, but has a particular application in the introduction of inducible cassettes into pluripotent stem cells, such as animal or human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). The inducible cassette is controllably inserted in such a way to ensure that the genetic material it contains is not silenced or subject to negative influences from the insertion site, and transcription of the genetic material is controlled.

The invention provides a method for treating or preventing brain metastases comprising the step of administering to a patient in need a composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of LCN2 Inhibitor, an agent that interferes in systemic LCN2 signaling pathways, or an agent that reduces LCN2 expression or any combination thereof.

The present disclosure is directed to methods of inducing rejuvenation in a population of adult glial progenitor cells, and methods of treating a subject having a myelin deficiency. The method of inducing rejuvenation in a population of adult glial progenitor cells, may comprise: administering, to the population of adult glial progenitor cells, one or more nucleic acid molecules encoding microRNAs, wherein administering suppresses the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway; and/or administering microRNAs, wherein administering suppresses the E2F transcription factor 6 (E2F6) signaling pathway; and/or administering microRNAs, wherein administering suppresses the Myc-associated factor X (MAX) signaling pathway, wherein said one or more nucleic acid molecules are administered in an amount sufficient to induce rejuvenation in the population of adult glial progenitor cells.

An object of the present invention is to provide a human astrocyte cell population that is differentiated from astrocyte progenitor cells derived from human iPS cells, a manufacturing method for the human astrocyte cell population; and an evaluation method for a test substance using the human astrocyte cell population. According to the present invention, there is provided a human astrocyte cell population that is differentiated from astrocyte progenitor cells derived from human iPS cells, the human astrocyte cell population including at least 90% of human astrocytes, in which in the human astrocytes, a) CDKN2A is positive, b) at least one gene marker selected from the group consisting of IGFBP5, NNMT, HLA-DRB1, and HLA-DRB5 is positive, and c) an expression level of C3, which is standardized with GAPDH of a reference gene, is 0.05 copies/copies or less.

Provided herein are methods for obtaining populations of reprogrammed MO-homeostatic tolerogenic microglial cells. The methods include providing an initial population of monocytes, e.g., peripheral blood monocytes (PBMC), from a subject, and reprogramming the cells by maintaining the PBMC in culture ex vivo in the presence of a sufficient amount of transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) and interferon-gamma (IFNγ) for a time and under conditions sufficient for the cells to become M0-homeostatic tolerogenic microglia. Also provided are methods of use of these cells, e.g., for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases associated with inflammation, e.g., Alzheimer's Disease (AD); Multiple Sclerosis (MS), e.g., progressive MS; and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Materials and methods for cell-mimetics having mechanical properties of biological neural axons are provided. A cell-mimetic device includes an array of fibers comprised of hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA) or an HDDA derivative, and at least one derivative of polyethylene glycol (PEG) selected from the group consisting of: PEG-acrylate, PEG-diacrylate, and any multi-arm PEG-acrylate.

A method of treating acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in a subject in need thereof is provided. The method comprising administering to the subject a composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of astrocytes, thereby treating the ARDS.