Recombiant microorganisms, plants, and plant cells are disclosed that have been engineered to express recombinant genes encoding UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs). Such microorgansims, plants, or plant cells can produce steviol glycosides, e.g., Rebaudioside A and/or Rebaudioside D, which can be used as natural sweeteners in food products and dietary supplements.

The present invention provides a composition that enables measurement of glycated hemoglobin in the presence of a stronger surfactant than conventional surfactants. To this end, the present invention provides an amadoriase in which one or more amino acids have been substituted at positions corresponding to positions selected from the group consisting of positions 80, 71, 175, 172, 279, 12, 9, 77, 30, 28, 13, 3, 4, 286, 204, 338, 44, 340, and 194 of the amadoriase derived from the genus Coniochaeta having the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 as well as a composition for measurement of glycated hemoglobin comprising an amadoriase that retains activity in the presence of an anionic surfactant. The present invention can provide an enzyme and a composition for measurement of glycated hemoglobin that sufficiently remain stable even when exposed to anionic surfactants.

Provided herein, among other things, is an engineered non-plant cell that produces a tropane alkaloid product, a precursor of a tropane alkaloid product, or a derivative of a tropane alkaloid product. A method for producing a tropane alkaloid, a precursor of a tropane alkaloid product, or a derivative of a tropane alkaloid product that makes use of the cell is also described.

Provided herein are, inter alia, compositions and methods for demethylating and methylating a target DNA sequences in a mammalian cell. The compositions and methods are, useful for activity modulation of a targeted gene, or to create a gene regulatory network.

The invention discloses a pretreatment method, a preservation method, an automatic treatment system and a detection method for a urine sample, and directs to the technical field of biological detection. The pretreatment method comprises subjecting a urine sample after protein lysis to a reductive alkylation treatment, followed by protein enrichment and enzymolysis. The protein enrichment is performed on the sample after the reductive alkylation treatment using a PVDF filter plate for protein enrichment; The invention also provides an automatic treatment system and an automatic sample treatment method. The treatment system greatly reduces the labor intensity of people, is beneficial to facilitate the treatment efficiency of urine sample treatment, meets the requirements of high-flux and automated pretreatment of the proteomics, and accommodates the reproducibility and flux of current clinical needs.

There is provided a novel quantification method for quantifying a concentration of EAP, which is a biomarker of depression, an enzyme for quantitation, a composition for quantitation, a kit for quantitation or a sensor for quantitation. There is provided a quantification method of ethanolamine phosphate by adding oxidoreductase to a sample containing ethanolamine phosphate. A mediator may be reduced by adding the oxidoreductase, and the reduced mediator may be reacted with a reagent to determine a concentration of ethanolamine phosphate. In addition, hydrogen peroxide produced by adding the oxidase as the oxidoreductase may be reacted with a reagent to determine a concentration of the ethanolamine phosphate.

This invention provides an amadoriase that acts on the β-chain of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and generates hydrogen peroxide, a method for measurement of HbA1c using such amadoriase, and a reagent kit for measurement of HbA1c using such amadoriase. The method for measurement of HbA1c involves the use of an amadoriase that has specific activity of 0.1 U/mg or greater to αF6P and oxidizes the HbA1c β-chain amino terminus so as to generate hydrogen peroxide, and the reagent kit for measurement of HbA1c comprises such amadoriase. The method and the kit for measurement of HbA1c enable quantification of HbA1c to be performed rapidly, simply, and accurately.

The present invention is broadly concerned with new in vitro glycosylation methods that provide rational approaches for producing glycosylated proteins, and the use of glycosylated proteins. In more detail, the present invention comprises methods of glycosylating a starting protein having an amino sidechain with a nucleophilic moiety, comprising the step of reacting the protein with a carbohydrate having an oxazoline moiety on the reducing end thereof, to covalently bond the amino sidechain of the starting protein with the oxazoline moiety, wherein the glycosylated protein substantially retains the structure and function of the starting protein. Target proteins include oxidase, oxidoreductase and dehydrogenase enzymes. The glycosylated proteins advantageously have molecular weights of at least about 7500 Daltons. In a further embodiment, the present invention concerns the use of glycosylated proteins, fabricated by the methods disclosed herein, in the assembly of amperometric biosensors.

The invention relates to recombinant microorganisms and methods for producing steviol glycosides and steviol glycoside precursors.

The present invention is broadly concerned with new in vitro glycosylation methods that provide rational approaches for producing glycosylated proteins, and the use of glycosylated proteins. In more detail, the present invention comprises methods of glycosylating a starting protein having an amino sidechain with a nucleophilic moiety, comprising the step of reacting the protein with a carbohydrate having an oxazoline moiety on the reducing end thereof, to covalently bond the amino sidechain of the starting protein with the oxazoline moiety, wherein the glycosylated protein substantially retains the structure and function of the starting protein. Target proteins include oxidase, oxidoreductase and dehydrogenase enzymes. The glycosylated proteins advantageously have molecular weights of at least about 7500 Daltons. In a further embodiment, the present invention concerns the use of glycosylated proteins, fabricated by the methods disclosed herein, in the assembly of amperometric biosensors.