The current invention provides a synthetic prokaryotic genome comprising 5 or fewer occurrences of one or more sense codons; and/or a synthetic prokaryotic genome derived from a parent genome, wherein the synthetic prokaryotic genome comprises less than 10%, 5%, 2%, 1%, 0.5%, 0.1% of the occurrences of one or more sense codons, relative to the parent genome; and/or a synthetic prokaryotic genome comprising 100 or more, 200 or more, or 1000 or more genes with no occurrences of one or more sense codons.

The claimed invention is directed towards equipment, methods and compositions involving application of an Electric field that are suitable for in vivo electroporation, in vitro application of an Electric field and the generation of developmentally-activated, totipotent, pluripotent, pluripotent-like, multipotent, and/or self-renewing cells which are capable of beginning to differentiate in culture into a variety of cell types and capable of further differentiation in vivo. The claimed invention is also directed towards the generation of desirable, differentiating somatic cell populations transplantable to animals or patients, to drug screening and drug discovery, cellular therapy, immunotherapy, gene therapy, tissue engineering, and the treatment of patients suffering from diseases that may be ameliorated by these methods. This invention also provides methods for preventing, treating, or retarding disease, for example, immunodeficiency virus (e.g. HIV-1, HIV-2, SIV, FIV, etc.) infection.

Disclosed herein is an improved Gene Site Saturation Mutagenesis (GSSM) method for producing a plurality of modified polynucleotides and/or polypeptides, creating specific changes to a gene, and reassembling mutations or changes at one or more sites.

Methods and systems for encoding digital information in nucleic acid (e.g., deoxyribonucleic acid) molecules without base-by-base synthesis, by encoding bit-value information in the presence or absence of unique nucleic acid sequences within a pool, comprising specifying each bit location in a bit-stream with a unique nucleic sequence and specifying the bit value at that location by the presence or absence of the corresponding unique nucleic acid sequence in the pool But, more generally, specifying unique bytes in a bytestream by unique subsets of nucleic acid sequences. Also disclosed are methods for generating unique nucleic acid sequences without base-by-base synthesis using combinatorial genomic strategies (e.g., assembly of multiple nucleic acid sequences or enzymatic-based editing of nucleic acid sequences).

Provided herein are methods, systems, and compositions for efficient nucleic acid assembly. Nucleic acid assembly may comprise assembly of variants comprising paired homology.

Provided herein are methods, systems, and compositions for efficient nucleic acid assembly. Nucleic acid assembly may comprise assembly of variants comprising paired homology.

Methods and constructs for RNA-guided targeting of heterologous functional domains such as transcriptional activators to specific genomic loci.

The invention provides methods for generating pools of variants of DNA templates, and methods of using pools of variants to identify sequences involved in conferring sensitivity or resistance to environmental factors.

The present disclosure generally relates to devices, compositions and methods for designing and producing nucleic acid molecules and the production of encoded proteins using these nucleic acid molecules. In some aspect, the disclosure relates to automation for the in vitro generation of coding DNA molecules, the in vitro transcription of these DNA molecules to generate protein coding RNA molecules, and the in vitro translation of these protein coding RNA molecules to produce proteins.

Polypeptide assemblies and building blocks and methods for making them are provided.