A method for producing pancreatic endocrine cells, including introducing (A), (B), (C), or (D) is provided. The pancreatic endocrine cells are produced without undergoing an iPS cell stage. The mutated GLIS1 gene having a sequence identity of 85% or more to a base sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1 or one or more gene products thereof in (A), (B), or (D) is a mutated GLIS1 gene having at least one of (i) addition of any base(s) to 5′-terminus of the mutated GLIS1 gene having sequence identity of 85% or more to the base sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1 and (ii) addition of any base(s) to 3′-terminus of the mutated GLIS1 gene having sequence identity of 85% or more to the base sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1.

This document relates to methods and materials for assessed, monitored, and/or treated mammals (e.g., humans) having cancer. For example, methods and materials for identifying a mammal as having cancer (e.g., a localized cancer) are provided. For example, methods and materials for assessing, monitoring, and/or treating a mammal having cancer are provided.

This application provides a bead with a covalently attached chemical compound and a covalently attached DNA barcode and methods for using such beads. The bead has many substantially identical copies of the chemical compound and many substantially identical copies of the DNA barcode. The compound consists of one or more chemical monomers, where the DNA barcode takes the form of barcode modules, where each module corresponds to and allows identification of a corresponding chemical monomer. The nucleic acid barcode can have a concatenated structure or an orthogonal structure. Provided are method for sequencing the bead-bound nucleic acid barcode, for cleaving the compound from the bead, and for assessing biological activity of the released compound.

The present disclosure relates to methods of joining three or more double-stranded (ds) or single-stranded (ss) DNA molecules of interest in vitro or in vivo. The method allows the joining of a large number of DNA fragments, in a deterministic fashion. It can be used to rapidly generate nucleic acid libraries that can be subsequently used in a variety of applications that include, for example, genome editing and pathway assembly. Kits for performing the method are also disclosed.

The present disclosure relates to methods of joining three or more double-stranded (ds) or single-stranded (ss) DNA molecules of interest in vitro or in vivo. The method allows the joining of a large number of DNA fragments, in a deterministic fashion. It can be used to rapidly generate nucleic acid libraries that can be subsequently used in a variety of applications that include, for example, genome editing and pathway assembly. Kits for performing the method are also disclosed.

An example of a biotin-streptavidin cleavage composition includes a formamide reagent and a salt buffer. The formamide reagent is present in the biotin-streptavidin cleavage composition in an amount ranging from about 10% to about 50%, based on a total volume of the biotin-streptavidin cleavage composition. The salt buffer makes up the balance of the biotin-streptavidin cleavage composition. In some examples, the biotin-streptavidin cleavage composition is used to cleave library fragments from a solid support. In other examples, other mechanisms are used to cleave library fragments from a solid support.

An example of a kit includes a library preparation fluid, a sample fluid, and an enrichment fluid. The library preparation fluid includes library preparation beads, where each library preparation bead includes a first solid support, and a transposome attached to the first solid support. The fluid includes a genomic deoxyribonucleic acid sequence. The enrichment fluid includes target capture beads, where each target capture bead includes a second solid support, and capture probes attached to the second solid support. Each of the capture probes includes a single stranded deoxyribonucleic acid sequence that is complementary to a targeted region of the genomic deoxyribonucleic acid in the sample fluid.

The present disclosure relates to data storage systems and methods of making thereof. Aspects of the disclosure further relate to engineered porous protein crystals that bind and adsorb guest information storage mediums such as DNA.

The disclosure generally relates to compositions and methods for the production of nucleic acid molecules. In some aspects, the invention allows for the microscale generation of nucleic acid molecules, optionally followed by assembly of these nucleic acid molecules into larger molecules. In some aspects, the invention allows for efficient production of nucleic acid molecules (e.g., large nucleic acid molecules such as genomes).

Described herein are RNA arrays, and compositions and methods for generating RNA arrays, particularly high density RNA arrays. The disclosed methods for generating RNA arrays utilize template DNA arrays and RNA polymerase to generate RNA arrays. In some embodiments, the disclosed methods use an RNA polymerase and modified ribonucleosides to generate modified RNA arrays for various applications, e.g. RNA arrays having higher nuclease resistance, more conformationally stable RNA arrays, and higher binding affinity RNA aptamer arrays. In some embodiments, the disclosed methods are used to generate RNA bead arrays.