This disclosure provides an engineered system comprising: a first nucleic acid molecule encoding a CasX nuclease, and a guide RNA (gRNA) or a second nucleic acid molecule encoding the gRNA, where the first nucleic acid molecule is codon optimized for a eukaryotic cell, and where the gRNA is designed to hybridize with a target site in the eukaryotic cell. Further, this disclosure provides a method of modifying at least one target site in a eukaryotic genome comprising: providing a eukaryotic cell with a CasX nuclease or a first nucleic acid molecule encoding the CasX nuclease, and providing the eukaryotic cell with a guide RNA (gRNA) or a second nucleic acid molecule encoding the gRNA, where the gRNA and the CasX nuclease form a complex, where the gRNA hybridizes to the target site, and where the complex generates a modification at the target site.

The invention provides a transgenic corn event MON95275, plants, plant cells, seeds, plant parts (including pollen, seed, and cells, and tissues corresponding to tassel, root, stalk, stem, leaf, cobb, and the like), progeny plants, commodity products comprising detectable amounts of corn event MON95275 DNA. The invention also provides polynucleotides specific for corn event MON95275 and methods for using and detecting corn event MON95275 DNA as well as plants, plant cells, seeds, plant parts, progeny plants, and commodity products comprising corn event MON95275. The invention also provides methods related to making and using corn event MON95275.

The present invention provides a tobacco plant which is suitable for cultivation for harvesting leaf tobaccos. The present invention includes (i) a tobacco plant in which a mutation for suppressing the development of axillary buds is introduced and (ii) a method of producing the tobacco plant.

Novel insecticidal proteins that are toxic to lepidopteran pests are disclosed. The DNA encoding the insecticidal proteins can be used to transform prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms to express the insecticidal proteins. The recombinant organisms or compositions containing the recombinant organisms or the insecticidal proteins alone or in combination with an appropriate agricultural carrier can be used to control lepidopteran pests in various environments.

Disclosed in the present invention is a hyoscyamine aldehyde reductase (HAR) and uses thereof. The hyoscyamine aldehyde reductase has an amino acid residue sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO. 4 and a nucleotide sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO. 3. After prokaryotic expression of the hyoscyamine aldehyde reductase, a product of a catalyzed hyoscyamine aldehyde reduction reaction is hyoscyamine. After the hyoscyamine aldehyde reductase is used for converting Atropa belladonna, the content of hyoscyamine in an Atropa belladonna cell line can be increased, which has important significance in increasing the content of tropane alkaloids in Atropa belladonna.

A method for synthesizing influenza virus-like particles (VLPs) within a plant or a portion of a plant is provided. The method involves expression of influenza HA in plants and the purification by size exclusion chromatography. The invention is also directed towards a VLP comprising influenza HA protein and plant lipids. The invention is also directed to a nucleic acid encoding influenza HA as well as vectors. The VLPs may be used to formulate influenza vaccines, or may be used to enrich existing vaccines.

In some embodiments, the present disclosure pertains to a nitrate transporter gene that includes the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 or a functional variant thereof having at least 65% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 1. In some embodiments, the present disclosure pertains to a nitrate transporter protein that includes the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 or a functional variant thereof having at least 65% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 2. In some embodiments, the present disclosure pertains to a method of enhancing growth in a plant by introducing a nitrate transporter gene of the present disclosure into the plant to result in the expression of the nitrate transporter protein in the plant. In some embodiments, the present disclosure pertains to genetically modified plants and recombinant expression vectors that include the nitrate transporter genes of the present disclosure.

Genome editing including the introducing of precise gene edits is well established in diploid plants. Methods well established in the art introduce double strand DNA breaks in the genome of a plant applying technologies such as Zn-finger nucleases, homing endonucleases, TALEN or RNA guided nuclease e.g. Cas9 or Cas12a.

Described in certain exemplary embodiments herein are programmable DNA nuclease systems and/or components thereof that include or are otherwise associated with a ligase. Also described in certain exemplary embodiments herein are method of using the DNA nuclease systems described herein to modify a nucleic acid sequence.

The present invention discloses a method for selective crop management in real time. The method comprises steps of: (a) producing a biosensor plant, said biosensor plant comprises a visual biomarker, said biomarker is encoded by at least one modified genetic locus comprising (i) preselected reporter gene allele having a phenotype detectable by a sensor, and (ii) a regulatory region of a preselected gene allele responsive to at least one parameter or condition of said plant or its environment, said regulatory region is operably linked to said reporter gene, such that the expression of said reporter gene phenotype is correlated with the status of said at least one parameter or condition of said biosensor plant or its environment; (b) acquiring image data of a target area comprising a plurality of said biosensor plants via said sensor and processing said data to generate a signal indicative of the phenotypic expression of said reporter gene allele of said biosensor plant; and (c) communicating said signal to an execution unit communicably linked to the sensor, said execution unit is capable of exerting in real time a selective monitoring and/or treatment of said target area or a portion thereof comprising said biosensor plants, said treatment is being responsive to said status of said parameter or condition of the biosensor plant or its environment. The present invention further discloses systems and plants related to the aforementioned method.