In certain aspects, the present invention provides methods for inducing a stable gene modification of a target nucleic acid via homologous recombination in a primary cell, such as a primary blood cell and/or a primary mesenchymal cell. In certain other aspects, the present invention provides methods for enriching a population of genetically modified primary cells having targeted integration at a target nucleic acid. The methods of the present invention rely on the introduction of a DNA nuclease such as a Cas polypeptide and a homologous donor adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector into the primary cell to mediate targeted integration of the target nucleic acid. Also provided herein are methods for preventing or treating a disease in a subject in need thereof by administering to the subject any of the genetically modified primary cells or pharmaceutical compositions described herein to prevent the disease or ameliorate one or more symptoms of the disease.

This disclosure relates to oligonucleotides, compositions and methods useful for reducing HMGB1 expression, particularly in hepatocytes. Disclosed oligonucleotides for the reduction of HMGB1 expression may be either double-stranded or single-stranded and may be modified for improved characteristics such as stronger resistance to nucleases and lower immunogenicity. Disclosed oligonucleotides for the reduction of HMGB1 expression may also be designed to include targeting ligands to target a particular cell or organ, such as the hepatocytes of the liver, and may be used to treat liver fibrosis and related conditions.

In certain aspects, the present invention provides methods for inducing a stable gene modification of a target nucleic acid via homologous recombination in a primary cell, such as a primary blood cell and/or a primary mesenchymal cell. In certain other aspects, the present invention provides methods for enriching a population of genetically modified primary cells having targeted integration at a target nucleic acid. The methods of the present invention rely on the introduction of a DNA nuclease such as a Cas polypeptide and a homologous donor adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector into the primary cell to mediate targeted integration of the target nucleic acid. Also provided herein are methods for preventing or treating a disease in a subject in need thereof by administering to the subject any of the genetically modified primary cells or pharmaceutical compositions described herein to prevent the disease or ameliorate one or more symptoms of the disease.

The present invention relates to RNAi agents, e.g., double stranded RNA (dsRNA) agents, targeting the Patatin-Like Phospholipase Domain Containing 3 (PNPLA3) gene. The invention also relates to methods of using such RNAi agents to inhibit expression of a PNPLA3 gene and to methods of preventing and treating an PNPLA3-associated disorder, e.g., Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD).

The present invention relates to RNAi agents, e.g., double stranded RNA (dsRNA) agents, targeting the AGT gene. The invention also relates to methods of using such RNAi agents to inhibit expression of an AGT gene and to methods of preventing and treating an AGT-associated disorder, e.g., high blood pressure.

The invention relates to iRNA, e.g., double stranded ribonucleic acid (dsRNA), compositions targeting the complement factor C3 gene, and methods of using such iRNA, e.g., dsRNA, compositions to inhibit expression of a C3 gene and to treat subjects having a complement component C3-associated disease, e.g., paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS), atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS), neuromyelitis optica (NMO), multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN), myasthenia gravis (MG), and C3 glomerulonephritis.

A method of increasing specificity of binding of a CRISPR-Cas protein-guide RNA complex to a selected target nucleic acid sequence is provided. The method comprises contacting a nucleic acid molecule comprising the selected target nucleic acid sequence with the complex comprising the CRISPR-Cas protein and the guide RNA, wherein the guide RNA comprises a complementarity region at the 5′ end of the guide RNA that binds to a complementary strand of the selected target nucleic acid sequence, wherein the guide RNA comprises at least one modified nucleic acid within the complementarity region; wherein the guide RNA complementarity region binds and directs the CRISPR-Cas protein (e.g. CRISPR/Cas9) to the selected target nucleic acid sequence, thereby increasing specificity of binding of the CRISPR-Cas protein-guide RNA complex to the selected target nucleic acid sequence. The modified nucleic acid may be a bridged nucleic acid, a deoxyribonucleic acid, or a 2-0-methyl RNA phosphonoacetate-modified crRNA, or a functional equivalent that improves specificity by inducing similar conformational changes in the CRISPR-Cas system. Guide RNAs, kits comprising a guide RNA together with a CRISPR-Cas protein, and complexes comprising a guide RNA and a CRISPR-Cas proteins are also provided.

Disclosed herein are compositions and pharmaceutical formulations that comprise a binding moiety conjugated to a modified polynucleic acid molecule and a polymer. Also described herein include methods for treating a cancer which utilize a composition or a pharmaceutical formulation comprising a binding moiety conjugated to a polynucleic acid molecule and a polymer.

The present invention provides oligomeric compounds. Certain such oligomeric compounds are useful for hybridizing to a complementary nucleic acid, including but not limited, to nucleic acids in a cell. In certain embodiments, hybridization results in modulation of the amount activity or expression of the target nucleic acid in a cell.

The invention relates to double-stranded ribonucleic acid (dsRNA) compositions targeting the LDHA gene, as well as methods of inhibiting expression of LDHA, methods of inhibiting LDHA and HAO1, and methods of treating subjects that would benefit from reduction in expression of LDHA, such as subjects having an oxalate pathway-associated disease, disorder, or condition, using such dsRNA compositions.