Introduced are methods and systems for an adjustable bed device configured to: gather biological signals associated with multiple users, such as heart rate, breathing rate, or temperature; analyze the gathered human biological signals; and heat or cool a bed based on the analysis.

A body electrode unit includes a body electrode and a release sheet to which the body electrode is attached. The body electrode includes a first electrode configured to stimulate a muscle of a body, a second electrode, and a third electrode. The second electrode and the third electrode are configured to detect a physiological signal from the muscle that is stimulated by the first electrode. The body electrode also includes a first connection portion arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode, and a second connection portion arranged between the third electrode and one of the first electrode and the second electrode. The first connection portion has at least one first direction changing part configured to change a direction in which the first connection portion extends, such that at least one of a distance and an angle between the first electrode and the second electrode is adjustable.

A step of extracting components of one or more frequency bands from a first section of an EEG; a step of calculating a first index for each of the components of one or more frequency bands, wherein the first index is calculated based on a degree to which a magnitude of each of the components of one or more frequency bands with respect to a magnitude of a predetermined reference component in the first section exceeds a predetermined threshold value; a step of calculating a probability value for each of one or more patient statuses from the first index for each of the components of one or more frequency bands using a trained artificial neural network; and a step of determining the consciousness level of the patient based on the probability value for each of the one or more calculated patient statuses.

A pain measurement and diagnostic system (PMD) for bioanalytical analysis of pain matrix activity and the autonomic nervous system to diagnose and validate patient treatments, health status and outcomes to diagnose and validate patient treatments and outcomes. The PMD is implemented using medical devices for measuring and reporting objective measurements of pain through patient monitoring and analyzing related biological, psychological, social, environmental, and demographic factors that may contribute to and effect physiological outcomes for patients and through the analysis, improve diagnosis of pain, the evaluation of related disease states, and treatment options.

Medical devices are provided, comprising a medical device and a sensor.

An implantable system, and methodology, for improving a heart's hemodynamic performance featuring (a) bimodal electrodes placeable on the diaphragm, out of contact with the heart, possessing one mode for sensing cardiac electrical activity, and another for applying cardiac-cycle-synchronized, asymptomatic electrical stimulation to the diaphragm to trigger biphasic, diaphragmatic motion, (b) an accelerometer adjacent the electrodes for sensing both heart sounds, and stimulation-induced diaphragmatic motion, and (c) circuit structure, connected both to the electrodes and the accelerometer, operable, in predetermined timed relationships to the presences of valid V-events noted in one of sensed electrical and sensed mechanical, cardiac activity, to deliver diaphragmatic stimulation. The circuit structure includes accelerometer-linked computer structure for enabling selective review, for later operational modifications, of stimulation-produced diaphragmatic motions, and in a modified form, may additionally include timing-adjustment substructure capable of making adjustments in the mentioned timed relationships.

Provided herein are microelectrodes and methods of localizing and targeting the same. The microelectrodes include electrochemical or biological sensors, an array of electrical contacts along a long axis of the microelectrode, or both. The methods of localizing and targeting use statistical manipulations to reduce the errors inherent in spike train analyses.

An intraoral monitoring device includes a plurality of sensors integrated on a flexible substrate. The plurality of sensors includes first and second photoplethysmography (PPG) sensors. The first PPG sensor is coupled along an anterior portion of the flexible substrate and adapted to be located intraorally along a first anatomical location defined along a mid-line of a maxilla, facing the labial mucosa, directly at a septal branch of a superior labial artery in a front lip to consistently provide a plurality of first PPG signal, relating to a plurality of cardiorespiratory parameters. Further, the second PPG sensor is coupled to a rear portion of the flexible substrate, adapted to be located intraorally along a second anatomical location defined along the interior part of an oral cavity facing outward toward the labial mucosa to consistently provide a plurality of second PPG signals, relating to a plurality of muscular parameters.

According to various embodiments, a wearable electronic device may include: a housing comprising a first plate including a first surface facing in a first direction, and a second plate including a second surface facing a second direction opposite to the first direction; a substrate disposed in a space between the first plate and the second plate of the housing; a processor; and at least two temperature sensors, wherein the at least two temperature sensors comprise a contact-type temperature sensor and a non-contact-type temperature sensor arranged at positions different from each other in the housing, and the processor is configured to: determine a body temperature using the temperatures measured by the contact-type temperature sensor and the non-contact-type temperature sensor.

Hemodynamic performance of a heart may be improved by determining, from a location associated with a diaphragm, an occurrence of a valid cardiac event; and then delivering asymptomatic electrical stimulation therapy directly to the diaphragm at termination of a diaphragmatic stimulation delay period that is timed relative to the occurrence of the valid cardiac event. The diaphragmatic stimulation delay period may be automatically established by sensing a plurality of cardiac events directly from a diaphragm; and for each of the sensed cardia events, determining whether the sensed cardiac event represents a valid cardiac event or a non-valid cardiac event. The diaphragmatic stimulation delay period is then calculated based on a plurality of sensed cardia events that are determined to be valid.