Described herein is the use of thin film freeze drying methods with oil-in-water adjuvants to produce improved vaccine compositions. This approach solves several major problems associated with the emulsion-adjuvanted vaccines. Additionally, the developed dry powder compositions have the potential to be administered via non-invasive routes (such as intranasal, pulmonary, transcutaneous with or without microneedles) and be stored at ambient temperatures which significantly reduce the costs of vaccination programs.

A suprastructure comprising a modified influenza hemagglutinin (HA) is provided. The modified HA may comprise one or more than one alteration that reduces non-cognate binding of the modified HA to sialic acid (SA) on the surface of a cell, while maintaining cognate interaction with the cell, such as a B cell. A composition comprising the suprastructure and modified HA and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier is also described. A method of increasing an immunological response or inducing immunity in response to a vaccine comprising the suprastructure and modified HA is also provided.

Disclosed are a novel coronavirus vaccine based on an influenza virus vector and a preparation method thereof. The vaccine can efficiently express two antigens, i.e., its own HA antigen and an exogenous SC2R1 antigen, enabling the vaccine to induce immune responses to the two antigens, thus achieving the purpose of preventing both influenza virus and novel coronavirus, thereby eliminating the impacts of the two major infectious diseases of influenza and novel coronavirus on social economy, etc. at one time. In addition, based on existing mature influenza platform techniques, the influenza vaccine can be prepared and produced on a large scale, and the use of influenza vaccines has a long history and good safety.

Provided herein are influenza hemagglutinin stem domain polypeptides, compositions comprising the same, vaccines comprising the same and methods of their use.

The invention relates to a method for producing a ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecule composition comprising n different RNA molecule species, the method comprising a step of RNA in vitro transcription of a mixture of m different deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecule species in a single reaction vessel in parallel, i.e. simultaneously, and a step of obtaining the RNA molecule composition. Also provided is the RNA composition provided by the inventive method and a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same as well as a pharmaceutical container. Moreover, the invention provides the RNA composition and the pharmaceutical composition for use as medicament.

Described herein are compounds for use in vaccine compositions which contain natural or synthetic carbohydrate antigens. Such vaccines may be highly immunologically active due to the conjugation with an immune-stimulating protein or with a monophosphorylated lipid A derivative, and may be self-adjuvanting due to the presence of a monophosphorylated lipid A derivative. Treatments for cancer and fungal and bacterial infections are described herein.

The disclosure provides methods for generating an optimized nucleotide sequence encoding an engineered influenza structural protein and the optimized nucleotide sequences obtained therefrom. The optimized nucleotide sequences can be used in a reverse genetics system to facilitate the rescue of infectious influenza virus containing the engineered structural proteins and/or enhance viral titers. Also provided are methods of preparing an influenza vaccine composition using the optimized nucleotide sequences, as well as methods of inducing an immune response using the influenza vaccine composition.

The invention provides various reverse genetics systems for producing segmented RNA viruses, wherein the systems do not require bacteria for propagation of all of their expression constructs.

Disclosed herein are nanoparticles suitable for use in vaccines. The nanoparticles present antigens from pathogens surrounded to and associated with a detergent core resulting in enhanced stability and good immunogenicity. Dosages, formulations, and methods for preparing the vaccines and nanoparticles are also disclosed.

The disclosure provides methods for generating an optimized nucleotide sequence encoding an engineered influenza structural protein and the optimized nucleotide sequences obtained therefrom. The optimized nucleotide sequences can be used in a reverse genetics system to facilitate the rescue of infectious influenza virus containing the engineered structural proteins and/or enhance viral titers. Also provided are methods of preparing an influenza vaccine composition using the optimized nucleotide sequences, as well as methods of inducing an immune response using the influenza vaccine composition.