Embodiments of the disclosure are directed to a viral genome, such as for example, a rabies virus (RV) genome, a viral particle comprising a viral genome, a polynucleotide encoding barcode, a method of constructing a hyper-diverse barcoded plasmid library, a library of hyper-diverse barcoded plasmids, and a method of inferring synaptic connectivity from identifiable viral barcodes and identifying cell types or cell type information, systems, and uses of identifying each cell's RV particles in the course of sequencing its RNAs, including the identification of sets of cells that are within the same synaptic network, while simultaneously or sequentially ascertaining the molecular identity and state of each cell, for example, from its pattern of RNA expression.