The present disclosure is directed to a universal antivenom for the treatment of venomous animal bites, and methods of developing the same using a novel targeted phage display technique.

The present invention provides a gene including an M13 p5 expressing cassette, which includes a promoter, a ribosome binding site (RBS) and a protein 5 (p5) coding region, wherein at least one base of sequences between the RBS and the p5 coding region is mutated. Using this gene may increase production of single-stranded DNA.

Provided are engineered phages populations, which are homogeneous in length, as well as methods of making and methods of using such phages. Also provided are engineered chlorotoxin-phages as well as their methods of making and using. The disclosed homogeneous phage populations and chlorotoxin-phages may be used, for example, for treating and/or imaging tumors, such as central nervous system tumors.

Compositions and methods for the storage, organization, access, and retrieval of information encoded by sequence controlled polymers such as data storage nucleic acids are provided. In some embodiments, organization, storage, and/or selective retrieval of the data is facilitated by hybridization of barcode sequence of the sequence controlled polymer to the reverse complementary sequence of an oligonucleotide. The plurality of oligonucleotides can be arrayed using a known organization scheme, and selectively capture and localize the corresponding sequence controlled polymer. In some embodiments, the compositions and methods utilize recombinant bacteriophage, typically featuring a minigenome having a bacteriophage origin of replication and packaging signal separated from a data storage sequence by barcodes.

The present invention relates to methods and systems for the directed evolution of macromolecules. The methods comprise contacting a population of host cells with a population of infective viruses. The host cells contain a controlling gene encoding a controlling gene product that is required for replication of the infective viruses but is not required for the replication of the host cells. The infective viruses comprise a gene of interest encoding a protein to be evolved to contain a desired activity that is required for expression of the controlling gene. The controlling gene in the host cells is embedded in a genetic circuit such that the controlling gene product is only expressed when the gene of interest has evolved to encode an evolved protein comprising the desired activity that is required for expression of the controlling gene. The systems comprise the host cells and infective viruses, a controlling gene genetic circuit to link controlling gene product production with the desired activity and optionally, a lagoon, a cellstat and/or a suitable growth medium.

Provided herein is an antigen display library for detecting antibodies produced by an individual; and methods of using the antigen display library to generate an antibody signature, the method comprising contacting a biological sample containing antibodies from an individual with the antigen display library, isolating phage clones displaying antigenic epitopes recognized by antibody in the sample, and identifying the antigenic epitopes that were recognized by antibody in the sample. Also provided are kits for generating an antibody signature comprising the antigen display library, a substrate for isolating phage clones bound by antibody, and may further comprise reagents useful for generating the antibody signature.

The present invention addresses to provide a novel membrane permeability-improving agent which can be applied to high molecular drugs. More specifically, the present invention addresses to provide: a drug carrier which can improve the absorption efficiency of a high molecular drug in the small intestine; and a membrane permeation-improving agent containing the carrier. According to the present invention, a cell membrane-permeating peptide can be provided, which comprises an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of the following amino acid sequences: DNPGN (SEQ ID NO: 1); SRPAF (SEQ ID NO: 2); NDPRN (SEQ ID NO: 3); and MSVAN (SEQ ID NO: 4). According to the present invention, a cell membrane-permeable composition can also be provided, which comprises the peptide and a biologically active substance.

Provided herein is an antigen display library for detecting antibodies produced by an individual; and methods of using the antigen display library to generate an antibody signature, the method comprising contacting a biological sample containing antibodies from an individual with the antigen display library, isolating phage clones displaying antigenic epitopes recognized by antibody in the sample, and identifying the antigenic epitopes that were recognized by antibody in the sample. Also provided are kits for generating an antibody signature comprising the antigen display library, a substrate for isolating phage clones bound by antibody, and may further comprise reagents useful for generating the antibody signature.

Disclosed herein are methods of treating acute kidney injury. The A method can include administering a sufficient amount of a DNA origami nanostructure to a subject afflicted with AKI to increase an excretory function of said subject. In some examples, the DNA origami nanostructure includes a scaffold strand and a plurality of staple strands, in which the scaffold strand comprises a M1 3 viral genome having a length of 7249 base pairs; and each staple strand of the plurality of staple strands has a length of about 20 to 60 base pairs.

The present disclosure relates to a phage-based matrix for inducing stem cell differentiation and a method for preparing the same. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to a composition for inducing differentiation of stem cells, which includes a phage-based matrix in which a gradient of stiffness is controlled by crosslinking a recombinant phage with a polymer, and a method for preparing a phage-based matrix for stem cell differentiation. According to the present invention, the method of the present disclosure provides a physical and mechanical niche environment created by the formation of a nanofibrous structure of the phage whose stiffness is controlled, thereby promoting the differentiation of stem cells into target cells. Therefore, it can be applied to a tissue matrix platform as a variety of conventional tissue engineering materials.