A set of baseline stents of people's teeth of different sizes may be used for a process to create temporary dental coverings. A range of sizes of the baseline stents may range from a smallest size to a largest size. A measurement of a stone-based model formed from a mold taken of the patient's natural teeth and gums may be made using a measurement tool. The measurement may include measuring from a left-side tooth to a corresponding right-side tooth. In an embodiment, unique identifiers (e.g., “A”-“N”) may be given to each of the baseline stents, and the measurement tool may show an identifier when the measurement is made. The baseline stent may be used to augment the model used to form a patient-specific stent used to take an impression of the patient's prepped teeth. The temporary dental coverings may be sculpted, shined, and attached to the prepped natural teeth.

Provided is a silicate glass, a method for preparing a silicate glass-ceramics by using the silicate glass, and a method for preparing a lithium disilicate glass-ceramics by using the silicate glass, and more particularly, to a method for preparing a glass-ceramics that has a nanosize of 0.2 to 0.5 μm and contains lithium disilicate and silicate crystalline phases. A nano lithium disilicate glass-ceramics containing a SiO.sub.2 crystalline phase includes: a glass composition including 70 to 85 wt % SiO.sub.2, 10 to 13 wt % Li.sub.2O, 3 to 7 wt % P.sub.2O.sub.5 working as a nuclei formation agent, 0 to 5 wt % Al.sub.2O.sub.3 for increasing a glass transition temperature and a softening point and enhancing chemical durability of glass, 0 to 2 wt % ZrO.sub.2, 0.5 to 3 wt % CaO for increasing a thermal expansion coefficient of the glass, 0.5 to 3 wt % Na.sub.2O, 0.5 to 3 wt % K.sub.2O, and 1 to 2 wt % colorants, and 0 to 2.0 wt % mixture of MgO, ZnO, F, and La.sub.2O.sub.3.

Provided is a silicate glass, a method for preparing a silicate glass-ceramics by using the silicate glass, and a method for preparing a lithium disilicate glass-ceramics by using the silicate glass, and more particularly, to a method for preparing a glass-ceramics that has a nanosize of 0.2 to 0.5 μm and contains lithium disilicate and silicate crystalline phases. A nano lithium disilicate glass-ceramics containing a SiO.sub.2 crystalline phase includes: a glass composition including 70 to 85 wt % SiO.sub.2, 10 to 13 wt % Li.sub.2O, 3 to 7 wt % P.sub.2O.sub.5 working as a nuclei formation agent, 0 to 5 wt % Al.sub.2O.sub.3 for increasing a glass transition temperature and a softening point and enhancing chemical durability of glass, 0 to 2 wt % ZrO.sub.2, 0.5 to 3 wt % CaO for increasing a thermal expansion coefficient of the glass, 0.5 to 3 wt % Na.sub.2O, 0.5 to 3 wt % K.sub.2O, and 1 to 2 wt % colorants, and 0 to 2.0 wt % mixture of MgO, ZnO, F, and La.sub.2O.sub.3.

A multilayer crown includes an outer layer and an inner layer. The outer layer may be formed of a first polymeric material. The inner layer may be formed of a second polymeric material that is different from the first polymeric material. The inner layer may be arranged to contact a tooth so that the inner layer is located between the outer layer and the tooth.

Provided is a silicate glass, a method for preparing a silicate glass-ceramics by using the silicate glass, and a method for preparing a lithium disilicate glass-ceramics by using the silicate glass, and more particularly, to a method for preparing a glass-ceramics that has a nanosize of 0.2 to 0.5 μm and contains lithium disilicate and silicate crystalline phases. A nano lithium disilicate glass-ceramics containing a SiO.sub.2 crystalline phase includes: a glass composition including 70 to 85 wt % SiO.sub.2, 10 to 13 wt % Li.sub.2O, 3 to 7 wt % P.sub.2O.sub.5 working as a nuclei formation agent, 0 to 5 wt % Al.sub.2O.sub.3 for increasing a glass transition temperature and a softening point and enhancing chemical durability of glass, 0 to 2 wt % ZrO.sub.2, 0.5 to 3 wt % CaO for increasing a thermal expansion coefficient of the glass, 0.5 to 3 wt % Na.sub.2O, 0.5 to 3 wt % K.sub.2O, and 1 to 2 wt % colorants, and 0 to 2.0 wt % mixture of MgO, ZnO, F, and La.sub.2O.sub.3.

Provided is a silicate glass, a method for preparing a silicate glass-ceramics by using the silicate glass, and a method for preparing a lithium disilicate glass-ceramics by using the silicate glass, and more particularly, to a method for preparing a glass-ceramics that has a nanosize of 0.2 to 0.5 μm and contains lithium disilicate and silicate crystalline phases. A nano lithium disilicate glass-ceramics containing a SiO.sub.2 crystalline phase includes: a glass composition including 70 to 85 wt % SiO.sub.2, 10 to 13 wt % Li.sub.2O, 3 to 7 wt % P.sub.2O.sub.5 working as a nuclei formation agent, 0 to 5 wt % Al.sub.2O.sub.3 for increasing a glass transition temperature and a softening point and enhancing chemical durability of glass, 0 to 2 wt % ZrO.sub.2, 0.5 to 3 wt % CaO for increasing a thermal expansion coefficient of the glass, 0.5 to 3 wt % Na.sub.2O, 0.5 to 3 wt % K.sub.2O, and 1 to 2 wt % colorants, and 0 to 2.0 wt % mixture of MgO, ZnO, F, and La.sub.2O.sub.3.

Embodiments of the present invention provide devices (tags), systems, and methods to determine structural integrity and other states of materials-of-interest, such as dental fillings, implants, and root canal posts, to name a few, in a non-invasive and contactless way; and using comparatively safe and/or low energy electromagnetic radiation, such as radio waves. Negligible-sized backscatter-tags with sensors are implanted in such materials-of-interest. Using backscatter imaging technology, the structural integrity and other states of the materials-of-interest may be monitored; which may allow non-invasive and contactless detection of problems such as cracking, bending, excessive pressure, improper temperature, and/or the like. Additionally, initially unknown locations of the implanted negligible-sized backscatter-tags with sensors may be readily determined upon a given scanning (reading) session; and thus mapped to provide an effective image of the material-of-interest.

Embodiments of the present invention provide devices (tags), systems, and methods to determine structural integrity and other states of materials-of-interest, such as dental fillings, implants, and root canal posts, to name a few, in a non-invasive and contactless way; and using comparatively safe and/or low energy electromagnetic radiation, such as radio waves. Negligible-sized backscatter-tags with sensors are implanted in such materials-of-interest. Using backscatter imaging technology, the structural integrity and other states of the materials-of-interest may be monitored; which may allow non-invasive and contactless detection of problems such as cracking, bending, excessive pressure, improper temperature, and/or the like. Additionally, initially unknown locations of the implanted negligible-sized backscatter-tags with sensors may be readily determined upon a given scanning (reading) session; and thus mapped to provide an effective image of the material-of-interest.

A damping dental post key configured to implant a dental root post for restoration of a tooth is described. The dental post key includes a body for handling and a post carrier having a key shape with respect to a head portion of the dental root post. During implantation of the dental post, rotation of the body compresses a set of springs in contact with the post carrier reducing a reaction force to a tooth root. In this way a limited force will be applied and a root fracture can be prevented. Further, the dental post key can be configured to have a fixed movement in a counterclockwise direction to remove the dental post and a free quarter-cycle movement with effort in a clockwise direction.

A damping dental post key configured to implant a dental root post for restoration of a tooth is described. The dental post key includes a body for handling and a post carrier having a key shape with respect to a head portion of the dental root post. During implantation of the dental post, rotation of the body compresses a set of springs in contact with the post carrier reducing a reaction force to a tooth root. In this way a limited force will be applied and a root fracture can be prevented. Further, the dental post key can be configured to have a fixed movement in a counterclockwise direction to remove the dental post and a free quarter-cycle movement with effort in a clockwise direction.