An oxide superconducting wire includes two superconducting laminates that are superposed on each other in a thickness direction. Each superconducting laminate includes a tape-shaped substrate, an intermediate layer disposed on one face of the substrate, an oxide superconducting layer disposed on the intermediate layer, and a protective layer covering a surface of the oxide superconducting layer. The two superconducting laminates are integrated by a metal layer that is disposed at least on both lateral faces of the two superconducting laminates in a width direction, such that the two superconducting laminates form a non-fixed portion therebetween that is not fixed in a longitudinal direction of the superconducting laminates.

A separator includes a porous body, and a particle membrane that is formed on at least one principal surface of the porous body. The particle membrane is made of inorganic particles, and has a void formed therein by the inorganic particles. The particle membrane has a porosity that is non-uniform in the thickness direction thereof.

Methods are provided for dual selective deposition of a first material on a first surface of a substrate and a second material on a second, different surface of the same substrate. The selectively deposited materials may be, for example, metal, metal oxide, or dielectric materials.

A method is provided, including the following operations: depositing a ruthenium liner in a feature of a substrate; depositing a monolayer of zinc over the ruthenium liner; after depositing the monolayer of zinc, performing a thermal treatment on the substrate, wherein the thermal treatment is configured to cause migration of the zinc to an interface of the ruthenium liner and an oxide layer of the substrate, the migration of the zinc producing an adhesive barrier at the interface that improves adhesion between the ruthenium liner and the oxide layer of the substrate; repeating the operations of depositing the monolayer of zinc and performing the thermal treatment until a predefined number of cycles is reached.

An anti-coking surface having a thickness up to 15 microns comprising from 15 to 50 wt. % of MnCr.sub.2O.sub.4 (for example manganochromite); from 15 to 25 wt. % of Cr.sub.0.23Mn.sub.0.08Ni.sub.0.69 (for example chromium manganese nickel); from 10 to 30 wt. % of Cr.sub.1.3Fe.sub.0.7O.sub.3 (for example chromium iron oxide); from 12 to 20 wt. % of Cr.sub.2O.sub.3 (for example eskolaite); from 4 to 20 wt. % of CuFe.sub.5O.sub.8 (for example copper iron oxide); and less than 5 wt. % of one or more compounds chosen from FeO(OH), CrO(OH), CrMn, Si and SiO.sub.2 (either as silicon oxide or quartz) and less than 0.5 wt. % of aluminum in any form provided that the sum of the components is 100 wt. % is provided on steel.

An alcohol compound of formula (II) in which R.sup.4 represents a methyl group or an ethyl group, R.sup.5 represents a hydrogen atom, and R.sup.6 represents a C.sub.1-3 linear or branched alkyl group. The alcohol compound has physical properties suitable for a material for forming thin films by CVD, and particularly, physical properties suitable for a material for forming metallic-copper thin films.

The present disclosure relates to an electrode protective layer, and a preparation method therefor and the use thereof. The electrode protective layer comprises a metal oxide and has a one-layer laminated structure, and the metal oxide is ionically conductive; and the surface of a negative electrode plate of a secondary battery is coated with the electrode protective layer. The electrode protective layer has the effects of improving the safety performance and cycle performance of a secondary battery; the preparation method is simple and has high applicability; and the electrode protective layer can be used in various batteries and various fields.

Disclosed are a passivation layer (200), a preparation method therefor and an application thereof. The passivation layer (200) comprises a first passivation layer (210), the first passivation layer (210) being disposed adjacent to a secondary battery negative electrode plate (100) and having ionic conductivity and a thickness of 0.1-10 nm. The passivation layer (200) also comprises a second passivation layer (220), the second passivation layer (210) being disposed at a side surface of the first passivation layer (210) distant from the negative electrode plate (100) of the secondary battery, comprising a corrosion-resistant material and having a thickness of 0.1-5 nm. The passivation layer (200) has the effect of increasing safety performance and cycle performance of a secondary battery. The preparation method is simple and has high applicability. Furthermore, the obtained passivation layer (200) can be applied in multiple types of batteries and multiple fields.

An anti-coking surface having a thickness up to 15 microns comprising from 15 to 50 wt. % of MnCr.sub.2O.sub.4; from 15 to 25 wt. % of Cr.sub.0.23Mn.sub.0.08Ni.sub.0.69, from 10 to 30 wt. % of Cr.sub.1.3Fe.sub.0.7O.sub.3, from 12 to 20 wt. % of Cr.sub.2O.sub.3, from 4 to 20 wt. % of CuFe.sub.5O.sub.8, and less than 5 wt. % of one or more compounds chosen from FeO(OH), Cr+3O(OH), CrMn, Si and SO.sub.2 (either as silicon oxide or quartz) and less than 0.5 wt. % of aluminum in any form provided that the sum of the components is 100 wt. % is provided on steel.

Methods are provided for dual selective deposition of a first material on a first surface of a substrate and a second material on a second, different surface of the same substrate. The selectively deposited materials may be, for example, metal, metal oxide, or dielectric materials.