A method of fabricating a flexible transparent conductive electrode layer includes depositing a correlated metal film having a thickness between 10 nm and 100 nm on a flexible transparent substrate, annealing the correlated metal film with the UV pulses, and maintaining a temperature of the flexible transparent substrate below 80? C. during the depositing and annealing.

A method for the formation of lithium includes a layer on a substrate using an atomic layer deposition method. The method includes the sequential pulsing of a lithium precursor through a reaction chamber for deposition upon a substrate. Using further oxidizing pulses and or other metal containing precursor pulses, an electrolyte suitable for use in thin film batteries may be manufactured.

A deposition method, comprising the steps of exposing a carrier to moisture, so that a hydroxy group can be distributed on the surface of the carrier, and adding a liquid precursor to the hydroxy group to perform an alcohol condensation reaction to form a target atom layer or a target atom compound layer of the deposition carrier; the process provided by the present invention allows one or more liquid precursors to be freely selected for uniform deposition on the carrier. Compared to the current low-yield dry atomic deposition technology, it has no limitation on the volume of the reaction chamber, no complicated and diverse process, and can be designed as a continuous process to achieve wider industrial availability.

According to an object to offer a film in quality with an industrial advantage, a method of forming a film is suggested. An embodiment of a method of the present invention includes turning a raw-material solution containing an aprotic solvent (that may be lactones or lactams) into a mist or droplets (step of atomization), carrying the mist or droplets into a film-formation chamber onto a base that is arranged in the film-formation chamber (step of carrying the mist), and causing a reaction of the mist or droplets preferably at a temperature that is 250? C. or less to form a film on the base (step of forming a film).

The present teaching provides a nonaqueous electrolytic solution secondary battery in which both a satisfactory high-rate characteristic and a high cycle characteristic (prevention of decrease in capacity) are realized. The nonaqueous electrolytic solution secondary battery of the present teaching includes a positive electrode provided with a positive electrode active material layer, a negative electrode provided with a negative electrode active material layer, and a nonaqueous electrolytic solution. The negative electrode active material layer includes a negative electrode active material and carbon black. A coating film made of a lithium transition metal composite oxide having lithium ion conductivity is formed on at least part of a surface of the carbon black.

The present invention is in the field of processes for the generation of thin inorganic films on substrates. In particular the present invention relates to a process comprising bringing a com-pound of general formula (I) into the gaseous or aerosol state L.sub.n-M-X.sub.mL=formula and depositing the compound of general formula (I) from the gaseous or aerosol state onto a solid substrate, wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, are independent of each other hydrogen, an alkyl group, an aryl group, or a SiA.sub.3 group with A being an alkyl or aryl group, and at least two of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 are a SiA.sub.3 group, n is an integer from 1 to 4, M is a metal or semimetal, X is a ligand which coordinates M, and m is an integer from 0 to 4.

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A calcium-magnesium-alumino-silicate (CMAS)-reactive thermal barrier coating includes a ceramic coating and a CMAS-reactive overlay coating, wherein the CMAS-reactive overlay coating conforms to a surface of the ceramic coating and comprises a compound that forms a stable high melting point crystalline precipitate when reacted with molten CMAS at a rate that is competitive with CMAS infiltration kinetics into the thermal barrier coating. The ceramic coating phase is stable with the CMAS-reactive overlay coating.

Methods and compositions for depositing rare earth metal-containing layers are described herein. In general, the disclosed methods deposit the precursor compounds comprising rare earth-containing compounds using deposition methods such as chemical vapor deposition or atomic layer deposition. The disclosed precursor compounds include a cyclopentadienyl ligand having at least one aliphatic group as a substituent and an amidine ligand.

The present invention provides a process for producing a layer of a crystalline material comprising a perovskite or a hexahalometallate, which process comprises: (i) exposing a substrate to a vapour comprising a first precursor compound in a first chamber to produce a layer of the first precursor compound on the substrate; and (ii) exposing the layer of the first precursor compound to a vapour comprising a second precursor compound in a second chamber to produce the layer of a crystalline material, wherein the pressure in the second chamber is above high vacuum. The invention also provides a process for producing a layer of a crystalline material comprising a perovskite or a hexahalometallate, which process comprises exposing a layer of a first precursor compound on a substrate to a vapour comprising a second precursor compound in a chamber to produce the layer of a crystalline material, wherein the pressure in the chamber is greater than high vacuum and less than atmospheric pressure. The invention also provides a process for producing a semiconductor device comprising a layer of a crystalline material, which process comprises producing said layer of a crystalline material by a process as according to the invention.

The present teaching provides a nonaqueous electrolytic solution secondary battery in which both a satisfactory high-rate characteristic and a high cycle characteristic (prevention of decrease in capacity) are realized. The nonaqueous electrolytic solution secondary battery of the present teaching includes a positive electrode provided with a positive electrode active material layer, a negative electrode provided with a negative electrode active material layer, and a nonaqueous electrolytic solution. The negative electrode active material layer includes a negative electrode active material and carbon black. A coating film made of a lithium transition metal composite oxide having lithium ion conductivity is formed on at least part of a surface of the carbon black.