Electrically conductive proppant and methods for energizing and detecting the electrically conductive proppant in a single wellbore are disclosed. The methods can include performing numerical simulations solving Maxwell's equations of electromagnetism for electric and/or magnetic fields to determine temporal characteristics of an optimum input wave form and a recording sensor location to be used in a wellbore that extends into a subterranean formation having a fracture that is at least partially filled with proppant and an electrically conductive material, wherein the numerical simulations are based upon an earth model determined from geophysical logs and/or geological information. The method can also include electrically energizing a casing of the wellbore, measuring three dimensional (x, y, and z) components of electric and/or magnetic field responses in the wellbore, and determining a location of the electrically conductive proppant through comparison of the electric and/or magnetic field responses to the numerical simulations.

A package which comprises a first encapsulant configured so that electrically conductive material is plateable thereon, and a second encapsulant configured so that electrically conductive material is not plateable thereon.

A package which comprises a first encapsulant configured so that electrically conductive material is plateable thereon, and a second encapsulant configured so that electrically conductive material is not plateable thereon.

A laminate including a metallic base material, a nickel-containing plating film layer formed on the metallic base material, and a gold plating film layer formed on the nickel-containing plating film layer, in which pinholes in the gold plating film layer are sealed with a passive film having a thickness of 15 nm or greater. Also disclosed is a constituent member of a semiconductor production device including the laminate and a method for producing the laminate.

A laminate including a metallic base material, a nickel-containing plating film layer formed on the metallic base material, and a gold plating film layer formed on the nickel-containing plating film layer, in which pinholes in the gold plating film layer are sealed with a passive film having a thickness of 15 nm or greater. Also disclosed is a constituent member of a semiconductor production device including the laminate and a method for producing the laminate.

A laminate including a metallic base material, a nickel-containing plating film layer formed on the metallic base material, and a gold plating film layer formed on the nickel-containing plating film layer, in which pinholes in the gold plating film layer are sealed with a fluorinated passive film having a thickness of 8 nm or greater. Also disclosed is a constituent member of a semiconductor production device including the laminate and a method for producing the laminate.

A system for coating an interior surface of a heat exchanger includes a tank for storing the coating solution, a pump, a source line for supplying the coating solution to the heat exchanger, and a return line for returning the remainder of the coating solution to the tank. The system can include a pre-treatment line for supplying a pre-treatment solution to the heat exchanger and a water line for supplying water to the heat exchanger. An air compressor can be coupled to the heat exchanger to force the coating solution, the pre-treatment solution, or the water from the heat exchanger.

An electrode for a battery, comprising an active material and a metallic fabric is disclosed. The metallic fabric comprises fibers being at least partially covered by a coating of nickel or copper, which comprises a layer and a plurality of protrusions protruding from the layer. The active material is attached on the protrusions. The metallic fabric provides a high electrical conductivity and a high mechanical stability, and demonstrates outstanding performance for the use as a current collector of battery.

An electrode for a battery, comprising an active material and a metallic fabric is disclosed. The metallic fabric comprises fibers being at least partially covered by a coating of nickel or copper, which comprises a layer and a plurality of protrusions protruding from the layer. The active material is attached on the protrusions. The metallic fabric provides a high electrical conductivity and a high mechanical stability, and demonstrates outstanding performance for the use as a current collector of battery.

An aluminum alloy sheet for a magnetic disk, a method for manufacturing same, and a magnetic disk using same. The aluminum alloy sheet is made of an aluminum alloy comprising 0.10 to 3.00 mass % of Fe, 0.003 to 1.000 mass % of Cu, and 0.005 to 1.000 mass % of Zn, with a balance of Al and unavoidable impurities, wherein a value obtained by dividing a difference in an area ratio (%) of second phase particles between a region (A) and a region (B) by an average value of area ratios (%) of second phase particles in the regions (A) and (B) is 0.05 or less, the region (A) being a region from a sheet thickness center plane to a front surface of the sheet, and the region (B) being a region from the sheet thickness center plane to a rear surface of the plate.