Various embodiments relate to methods and systems for removing phosphorus and/or nitrogen from water. A method of removing phosphorus and nitrogen from water includes passing starting material water including nitrogen and phosphorus through an elevated pH phosphorus removal stage. The method includes passing the water through an electrolytic nitrogen removal stage. The method includes passing the water through a galvanic phosphorus removal stage. The water produced by the method has a lower phosphorus concentration and a lower nitrogen concentration than the starting material water.

Various embodiments relate to an electrochemical cell for removal of materials from water and methods of using the same. A method of removing phosphorus from water includes immersing an electrochemical cell in water including phosphorus to form treated water including a salt that includes the phosphorus. The electrochemical cell includes an anode including Mg, Al, Fe, Zn, or a combination thereof, a cathode including Cu, Ni, Fe, or a combination thereof. The method includes separating the salt including the phosphorus from the treated water, to form separated water having a lower phosphorus concentration than the water including phosphorus.

The present invention relates to a method for removing contaminants from wastewater by means of electrocoagulation, the method comprising the steps of: passing the wastewater to be purified through an electrolytic cell that is provided with two metal electrodes with different electronegativities, consisting of coaxial pipes wherein the inner pipe comprises the more electronegative electrode, performing electrolysis between the two electrodes, such that the more electronegative electrode, which does not wear in a cleaning process, is used to produce hydrogen gas and hydroxyl ions from water, and that the less electronegative electrode, which is an active, wearing electrode in a cleaning process, is used to produce metal ions in a solution to be cleaned, to produce an electric field in the electrolytic cell, whereby desired redox reactions take place to isolate one or more contaminants from the wastewater in the form of flakes, directing the wastewater with said flakes from the electrolytic cell to a separation device for flakes and purified water, and intermittently producing axial waves in the wastewater along the inner surface of the outer electrode to prevent contamination or poisoning of the electrodes.

A method and device for removing chloride ions in desulfurized wastewater by electrochemical coupling in which the device comprises: an electrolyte tank having a top and a bottom wherein the tank is used as a separator in a separation process and as an electrode regenerator in an electrode regeneration process; two electrodes comprising a hydrogen evolution electrocatalysis function electrode and an electrochemically switched ion exchange (ESIX) function electrode respectively, wherein the electrodes are connected with each other by a wire; two DC circuits having opposite electric field directions and used alternately in the separation process and the electrode regeneration process respectively; the bottom of the electrolyte tank is provided with a purified high-concentration chloride ion wastewater inlet and a flocculation product outlet; the top of the tank is provided with a dechlorination treatment water outlet and a hydrogen collecting port; and, in the electrode regeneration process, the electrolyte tank is connected to an electrode regeneration liquid storage tank through a pump and a pipeline.

An electrolyzed water generation device is provided with a first flow passage delivering electrolyzed water generated in one of first polar chamber and second polar chamber of an electrolytic chamber, a second flow passage delivering electrolyzed water generated in the other one of the first polar chamber and second polar chamber, a double autochange crossline valve in which a flow rate regulating valve 74 and a flow passage switching valve 85 are interlocked, a polarity switching unit 51 switching the polarities of a first power feeder 41 and a second power feeder 42, and a determination unit 52 determining the switching timing of the polarity switching unit 51 and the flow passage switching valve 85. The determination unit 52 determines that the switching timing arrives when a predetermined time passes without detecting water supply to the electrolytic chamber after electrolysis is performed by a predetermined number of times or more in the electrolytic chamber without the polarities being switched.

Systems and methods for sanitizing pool and spa water are provided. An electrolytic chlorinator is provided which includes a combined flow, temperature, and salt concentration sensor. The electrolytic chlorinator could include an acid tank for in-situ cleaning of the electrolytic chlorinator or acidification of pool/spa water where needed. A delayed polarity reversal technique is provided for de-scaling and managing passivation of the blades of an electrolytic chlorinator. The electrolytic chlorinator could include a sacrificial anode for protecting components of the chlorinator as well as other pool/spa components. The electrolytic chlorinator could include an integral, electrically-controlled acid generator, a brine tank for periodically superchlorinating and/or shocking pool/spa water, and/or a plurality of chemical tanks/feeds for periodically injecting chemicals into the chlorinator. A combined ultraviolet (UV)/Ozone and salt (electrolytic) chlorine generator is provided, as well as: filters having integral UV sanitizers; reflective linings for UV sanitization systems; means for injecting bubbles into pool/spa water; and a system for acquiring and analyzing samples of pool/spa water using an unmanned aircraft (drone).

Various embodiments relate to methods and systems for removing phosphorus and/or nitrogen from water. A method of removing phosphorus and nitrogen from water includes passing starting material water including nitrogen and phosphorus through an elevated pH phosphorus removal stage. The method includes passing the water through an electrolytic nitrogen removal stage. The method includes passing the water through a galvanic phosphorus removal stage. The water produced by the method has a lower phosphorus concentration and a lower nitrogen concentration than the starting material water.

Various embodiments relate to an electrochemical cell for removal of materials from water and methods of using the same. A method of removing phosphorus from water includes immersing an electrochemical cell in water including phosphorus to form treated water including a salt that includes the phosphorus. The electrochemical cell includes an anode including Mg, Al, Fe, Zn, or a combination thereof, a cathode including Cu, Ni, Fe, or a combination thereof. The method includes separating the salt including the phosphorus from the treated water, to form separated water having a lower phosphorus concentration than the water including phosphorus.

A waste water treatment system utilizing a series of individual modules which, when assembled, form a beginning contaminate collection chamber attached at the starting end of a main fluid treatment tank, in which is housed an array of anodes and cathodes. A center contaminate collection chamber can be attached at the oppose end of the main treatment tank which provides an internal fluid pathway to allow fluid transfer from the first treatment tank into a second treatment tank. Alternatively, the center contaminate collection chamber can be used when multiples of treatment tanks are assembled to work in tandem, or an ending contaminate collection chamber can be attached to an ending treatment module to complete the expandable waste water treatment system.

Expandability of the system can therefore accommodate various waste water treatment mechanisms, residence time and manner of treatment.

Self-cleaning electrochemical cells, systems including self-cleaning electrochemical cells, and methods of operating self-cleaning electrochemical cells are disclosed. The self-cleaning electrochemical cell can include a plurality of concentric electrodes disposed in a housing, a fluid channel defined between the concentric electrodes, and an electrical connector positioned at a distal end of a concentric electrode and electrically connected to the electrode. The electrical connectors may be configured to provide a substantially even current distribution to the concentric electrode and minimize a zone of reduced velocity occurring downstream from the electrical connector. The electrical connector may be configured to cause a temperature of an electrolyte solution to increase by less than about 0.5° C. while transmitting at least 100 W of power.