A spectacle lens having at least one antibacterial and/or antiviral coating and a method for manufacturing the same are disclosed. The spectacle lens includes (i) an anti-reflective coating or (ii) a mirror coating. The (i) anti-reflective coating or the (ii) mirror coating are made from a stack or a plurality of stack layers. The stack has an outermost stack layer containing silver (Ag). The outermost stack layer further contains a SiO.sub.2-matrix having a plurality of separated silver (Ag) atoms and/or a plurality of silver (Ag) clusters. Each of the silver (Ag) clusters has a maximum expansion of less than 20 nm.

A material includes a transparent substrate coated with a stack of thin layers including at least one silver-based functional metallic layer, at least one zinc-based metallic layer, located above and/or below a silver-based functional metallic layer, and at least one nickel oxide-based layer located above and/or below this silver-based functional metallic layer and separated from this layer by at least one crystallized dielectric layer.

A vehicular variable reflectance mirror reflective element includes a rear glass substrate joined with a front glass sheet via a perimeter seal. An electrochromic medium disposed in an interpane cavity established between the rear glass substrate and the front glass sheet and bounded by the perimeter seal. With the rear glass substrate joined with the front glass sheet, the front glass sheet is cut at a front glass substrate portion to form a front glass substrate. A back plate is attached at the rear of the rear glass substrate. With the front glass sheet cut at the front glass substrate portions to form the front glass substrate having the rear glass substrate joined therewith via the perimeter seal, and with the back plate fixtured at a finishing tool, the cut edges of the front glass substrate are processed to provide a finished perimeter edge of the front glass substrate.

A method of manufacturing a glass article comprising: forming a first layer of a first metal on a glass substrate, the glass substrate comprising silicon dioxide and aluminum oxide; subjecting the glass substrate with the first layer of the first metal to a first thermal treatment; forming a second layer of a second metal over the first layer of the first metal; and subjecting the second layer of the second metal to a second thermal treatment, the first thermal treatment and the second thermal treatment inducing intermixing of the first metal, the second metal, and at least one of aluminum, aluminum oxide, silicon, and silicon dioxide of the glass substrate to form a metallic region comprising the first metal, the second metal, aluminum oxide, and silicon dioxide. The first metal can be silver. The second metal can be copper.

An end-to-end system for data generation, map creation using the generated data, and localization to the created map is disclosed. Mapstreams—or streams of sensor data, perception outputs from deep neural networks (DNNs), and/or relative trajectory data—corresponding to any number of drives by any number of vehicles may be generated and uploaded to the cloud. The mapstreams may be used to generate map data—and ultimately a fused high definition (HD) map—that represents data generated over a plurality of drives. When localizing to the fused HD map, individual localization results may be generated based on comparisons of real-time data from a sensor modality to map data corresponding to the same sensor modality. This process may be repeated for any number of sensor modalities and the results may be fused together to determine a final fused localization result.

An end-to-end system for data generation, map creation using the generated data, and localization to the created map is disclosed. Mapstreams—or streams of sensor data, perception outputs from deep neural networks (DNNs), and/or relative trajectory data—corresponding to any number of drives by any number of vehicles may be generated and uploaded to the cloud. The mapstreams may be used to generate map data—and ultimately a fused high definition (HD) map—that represents data generated over a plurality of drives. When localizing to the fused HD map, individual localization results may be generated based on comparisons of real-time data from a sensor modality to map data corresponding to the same sensor modality. This process may be repeated for any number of sensor modalities and the results may be fused together to determine a final fused localization result.

A laminated glazing and a method for its production is disclosed. One or more coatings and layers are applied onto or disposed between a pair of sheets to produce such laminated glazing that enhances an accuracy and reliability of an optical sensor coupled thereto. More particularly, the laminated glazing includes an antireflective layer to facilitate a light transmission of at least 80% for a plurality of wavelengths through the laminated glazing.

An end-to-end system for data generation, map creation using the generated data, and localization to the created map is disclosed. Mapstreams—or streams of sensor data, perception outputs from deep neural networks (DNNs), and/or relative trajectory data—corresponding to any number of drives by any number of vehicles may be generated and uploaded to the cloud. The mapstreams may be used to generate map data—and ultimately a fused high definition (HD) map—that represents data generated over a plurality of drives. When localizing to the fused HD map, individual localization results may be generated based on comparisons of real-time data from a sensor modality to map data corresponding to the same sensor modality. This process may be repeated for any number of sensor modalities and the results may be fused together to determine a final fused localization result.

A vehicular variable reflectance mirror reflective element includes a rear glass substrate joined with a front glass sheet via a perimeter seal. An electrochromic medium disposed in an interpane cavity established between the rear glass substrate and the front glass sheet and bounded by the perimeter seal. With the rear glass substrate joined with the front glass sheet, the front glass sheet is cut at a front glass substrate portion to form a front glass substrate. A back plate is attached at the rear of the rear glass substrate. With the front glass sheet cut at the front glass substrate portions to form the front glass substrate having the rear glass substrate joined therewith via the perimeter seal, and with the back plate fixtured at a finishing tool, the cut edges of the front glass substrate are processed to provide a finished perimeter edge of the front glass substrate.

A material includes a transparent substrate on which is deposited a stack of layers including n silver-based metal functional layers and n+1 dielectric sets of layers, with n≥3 and each silver-based metal functional layer being placed between two dielectric sets of layers. The dielectric set of layers located below the first silver-based metal functional layer starting from the substrate and the dielectric set of layers located above the last silver-based metal functional layer starting from the substrate each include a high-refractive-index layer, the value of the index≥2.15 at the wavelength of 550 nm; the value of the refractive index of at least one of the high-index layers≥2.40 at the wavelength 550 nm; and the value of the ratio of the optical thickness of each of the high-refractive-index layers to the optical thickness of the dielectric set of layers in which it is included is included between 0.25 and 0.55.