A method and apparatus for treating waste materials comprising, particulating the waste materials into discrete particles, heating and drying the particles in a non-oxidizing atmosphere in a drier at a temperature in the range of 800 to 860 C. for carbonizing the particles, crushing the carbonized particles and leaching the crushed carbonized particles in an acid solution for dissolution of heavy metals into the solution, separating the leach solution containing heavy metal from the carbonized particles, adding to the carbonized particles particulate sodium hydroxide, silica, feldspar and limestone in a ratio of 100:0.3-0.5:8-12:2-4, mixing said particles with 15 to 18% by weight water to form a wet mixture and continuously extruding the wet mixture to form an elongated continuous extrusion, severing the elongated extrusion into blocks or planks of predetermined length, drying the blocks or planks and heating the dried blocks or planks in a kiln at a temperature in the range of 1200 to 1300 C. for a time sufficient in an oxygen deficient atmosphere to sinter the blocks or planks and to form carbides, and separating and recovering CO.sub.2 gas from combustion gases in the kiln.

An improved porous ceramic foam filter, and method of making the porous ceramic foam filter is provided. The porous ceramic foam filter comprising 28-78 wt % alumina; 18-78 wt % silica; and 1-15 wt % Group II oxide.

There is disclosed a ceramic separation membrane. This ceramic separation membrane includes a porous substrate, and a separation layer formed on the substrate. The separation layer is a laminate having an outermost layer positioned on the most surface side, and a base layer positioned in a lower layer than the outermost layer and made of zeolite. The outermost layer is a layer made of a siliceous material containing 90 mol % or more of silica, an organic material-containing amorphous silica material having a SiCnSi (wherein n is 1 or 2) bond and a Si/C ratio of 0.5 to 2, or a carbonaceous material containing 90 mass % or more of carbon. The outermost layer is different from the base layer.

The present invention relates to lightweight high strength microsphere containing ceramic particles having controlled microsphere placement and/or size and microsphere morphology, which produces an improved balance of specific gravity and crush strength such that they can be used in applications such as proppants to prop open subterranean formation fractions. Proppant formulations are further disclosed which use one or more microsphere containing ceramic particles of the present invention. Methods to prop open subterranean formation fractions are further disclosed. In addition, other uses for the microsphere containing ceramic particles of the present invention are further disclosed, as well as methods of making the microsphere containing ceramic particles.

The present invention provides a dry spraying material for a firing furnace, which is free from a need for a drying process after spraying, and capable of withstanding physical shock from furnace contents. The dry spraying material according to the present invention is designed for a firing furnace having a furnace wall temperature of 1400 C. or less, wherein a SiO.sub.2 component derived from raw materials having a particle size of less than 75 m and an Al.sub.2O.sub.3 component derived from raw materials having a particle size of less than 75 m are contained in the dry spraying material, respectively, in the dry spraying material in an amount of 1% by mass to 10% by mass and in an amount of 5% by mass to 40% by mass. Further, a basic compound fine powder of one or more types selected from the group consisting of magnesium oxide, magnesium carbonate, magnesium sulfate, magnesium nitrate, calcium oxide, calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, and calcium nitrate each having a particle size of less than 75 m is contained in a raw material mixture in a total amount of 0.1% by mass to 5% by mass. One or more types selected from alkali silicate and alkali phosphate are used as a binder, and the amount of usage of cement is limited to 5% by mass or less.

Feeder channel for molten glass including an infrastructure including a block self-cast and sintered in situ. Furthermore, a method for manufacturing a block of such an infrastructure and a supply channel for a glassmaking furnace are claimed.

An extruded, solid honeycomb body comprises a copper-promoted, small pore, crystalline molecular sieve catalyst for converting oxides of nitrogen in the presence of a reducing agent, wherein the crystalline molecular sieve contains a maximum ring size of eight tetrahedral atoms, which extruded, solid honeycomb body comprising: 20-50% by weight matrix component comprising diatomaceous earth, wherein 2-20 weight % of the extruded, solid honeycomb body is diatomaceous earth; 80-50% by weight of the small pore, crystalline molecular sieve ion-exchanged with copper; and 0-10% by weight of inorganic fibres.

A castable refractory composition may include from 5% to 95% by weight of alumina, aluminosilicate, or mixtures thereof; from 0.5% to 1.5% by weight alkaline earth metal oxide and/or hydroxide, and 0.1% to 5% by weight of silica having a surface area of at least about 10 m.sup.2/g. The refractory composition may include no more than 0.5% by weight of cementitious binder. The refractory composition may release less than 25 cm.sup.3 of hydrogen gas per kilogram of castable refractory composition upon addition of water. The refractory compositions may set on addition of water.

An inorganic foam comprising an inorganic polymer having leucite crystal structure as a base material, the area of the peak derived from leucite crystal in the X-ray diffraction spectrum of the inorganic foam satisfies the following formula (1): D(geo)/D(pur)0.5 (1). In formula (1), D(geo) represents the area of the peak located at 2=27.3 derived from leucite crystal in the X-ray diffraction spectrum of the inorganic foam, and D(pur) represents the area of the peak located at 2=27.3 derived from leucite crystal in the X-ray diffraction spectrum of leucite pure material.

In a method for forming an abradable material (36), the abradable material has at least 20% by volume rutile titania (44) and hBN (46). The method includes: blending a first titania powder having an oxygen debit of at least 5.0% with a second titania powder having an oxygen debit, if any, of less than 1.0%. The blend is thermal sprayed. The sprayed blend is then oxidized.