Disclosed are antioxidative, natural compounds, their salts, chelates and cleavage derivatives that exhibit a superior combination of properties. The compounds can be used for a variety of purposes, including stabilizing foods, cosmetics, beverages and nutritional supplement. The compounds can be prepared by substantially cleaving a humic acid of formula I to provide at least one antioxidant compounds of formula II, formula III, formula IV, formula V, formula VI, salts, or chelates thereof.

Disclosed are antioxidative, natural compounds, their salts, chelates and cleavage derivatives that exhibit a superior combination of properties. The compounds can be used for a variety of purposes, including stabilizing foods, cosmetics, beverages and nutritional supplement. The compounds can be prepared by substantially cleaving a humic acid of formula I to provide at least one antioxidant compounds of formula II, formula III, formula IV, formula V, formula VI, salts, or chelates thereof.

The present invention relates to redox electrolyte compounds. The present invention further relates to a redox-flow battery wherein one of the catholyte and the anolyte, or both, has the redox electrolyte compound of the invention. The present invention further relates to the method of controlling the redox-flow battery and its use for energy storage.

The present invention relates to redox electrolyte compounds. The present invention further relates to a redox-flow battery wherein one of the catholyte and the anolyte, or both, has the redox electrolyte compound of the invention. The present invention further relates to the method of controlling the redox-flow battery and its use for energy storage.

Provided herein are compounds of the formula (I): ##STR00001##
as well as pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein the substituents are as those disclosed in the specification. These compounds, and the pharmaceutical compositions containing them, are useful for the treatment of degenerative diseases and disorders.

Provided herein are compounds of the formula (I): ##STR00001##
as well as pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein the substituents are as those disclosed in the specification. These compounds, and the pharmaceutical compositions containing them, are useful for the treatment of degenerative diseases and disorders.

Among the various aspects of the present disclosure is the provision of a transgenic organism, an artificial DNA construct, and methods for producing a transgenic organism for indigo, indirubin, and other indole-derived compound production. Another aspect of the present disclosure is the provision of a transgenic organism wherein the indole-derived compound imparts color to the transgenic organism or to a portion of the transgenic organism.

Among the various aspects of the present disclosure is the provision of a transgenic organism, an artificial DNA construct, and methods for producing a transgenic organism for indigo, indirubin, and other indole-derived compound production. Another aspect of the present disclosure is the provision of a transgenic organism wherein the indole-derived compound imparts color to the transgenic organism or to a portion of the transgenic organism.

High heat monomer compounds, methods for preparing compounds, and compositions derived from the compounds are provided. Also provided are materials and articles derived from the compounds.

High heat monomer compounds, methods for preparing compounds, and compositions derived from the compounds are provided. Also provided are materials and articles derived from the compounds.