In one aspect, the present disclosure provides methods of preparing a primary or secondary amine and hydroxylated aromatic compounds. In some embodiments, the aromatic compound may be unsubstituted, substituted, or contain one or more heteroatoms within the rings of the aromatic compound. The methods described herein may be carried out without the need for transition metal catalysts or harsh reaction conditions.

Provided herein are prodrug compounds, their preparation and their uses, such as treating liver diseases or nonliver diseases via intervening in molecular pathways in the liver. Novel prodrug compounds of acid/alcohol derivatives such as phosphates, phosphonates, phosphonamidates, phosphoramidates, carboxylates, phenolates, and alkoxylates, their preparation and their uses are described. Some of the novel prodrug compounds described herein do not generate a vinyl keto reactive intermediate in the activation process. Another aspect includes the use of prodrugs to treat diseases that benefit from enhanced drug distribution to the liver and like tissues and cells.

The invention is directed to the field of pro-fragrances used in detergents and cleaning agents, cosmetic agents and air fresheners, for example. The invention relates to particular cyclic ketals used as pro-fragrances. The invention also relates to detergents and cleaning agents, cosmetic agents and air fresheners containing ketals of the type. The invention further relates to a method for creating a long-lasting fragrance on surfaces and for repelling insects.

The invention is directed to the field of pro-fragrances used in detergents and cleaning agents, cosmetic agents and air fresheners, for example. The invention relates to particular cyclic ketals used as pro-fragrances. The invention also relates to detergents and cleaning agents, cosmetic agents and air fresheners containing ketals of the type. The invention further relates to a method for creating a long-lasting fragrance on surfaces and for repelling insects.

Compositions and methods for repelling arthropods. The compositions include a carrier and an arthropod repelling compound, which can be a compound discovered by a novel and complex cheminformatic process to demonstrate repellency behavior across a broad spectrum of arthropods. The compound can be a thiane compound, a pyrrolidone compound, a cyclohexadiene compound, a cyclohexenone compound, a cyclohexene compound, a furanone compound, a pyran compound, a tetrahydropyran compound, a thiazolidine compound, a thiazoline compound, a dihydrothiophene compound, a dithiolane compound, a dithiane compound, an epoxide compound, an oxathiane compound, a cyclopentene compound, a cyclohexane compound, a quinoline compound, an oxazoline compound, a tetrahydropyridine compound, and an imidazolidinone compound, or a combination thereof.

Compositions and methods for repelling arthropods. The compositions include a carrier and an arthropod repelling compound, which can be a compound discovered by a novel and complex cheminformatic process to demonstrate repellency behavior across a broad spectrum of arthropods. The compound can be a thiane compound, a pyrrolidone compound, a cyclohexadiene compound, a cyclohexenone compound, a cyclohexene compound, a furanone compound, a pyran compound, a tetrahydropyran compound, a thiazolidine compound, a thiazoline compound, a dihydrothiophene compound, a dithiolane compound, a dithiane compound, an epoxide compound, an oxathiane compound, a cyclopentene compound, a cyclohexane compound, a quinoline compound, an oxazoline compound, a tetrahydropyridine compound, and an imidazolidinone compound, or a combination thereof.

The present invention discloses a method for producing trans-2-nonadecyl-4-hydroxymethyl-1,3-dioxolane comprising mixing alkanes and pyridinium chlorochromat for an oxidation reaction; obtaining a product by the oxidation reaction for processing an aldolization reaction and then purifying for obtaining a trans-2-nonadecyl-4-hydroxymethyl-1,3-dioxolane compound. According to the method of the present invention, it is able to promote the productivity and reduce the cost.

The present invention discloses a method for producing trans-2-nonadecyl-4-hydroxymethyl-1,3-dioxolane comprising mixing alkanes and pyridinium chlorochromat for an oxidation reaction; obtaining a product by the oxidation reaction for processing an aldolization reaction and then purifying for obtaining a trans-2-nonadecyl-4-hydroxymethyl-1,3-dioxolane compound. According to the method of the present invention, it is able to promote the productivity and reduce the cost.

In accordance with the present subject matter there is provided sugar-based compounds of formula I, methods of making such compounds, gels comprising such compounds, methods of making gels, methods of using such compounds for the containing spill of a hydrocarbon, and methods for reclaiming solvent from gels comprising such compounds.

##STR00001##

In accordance with the present subject matter there is provided sugar-based compounds of formula I, methods of making such compounds, gels comprising such compounds, methods of making gels, methods of using such compounds for the containing spill of a hydrocarbon, and methods for reclaiming solvent from gels comprising such compounds.

##STR00001##