A composition includes: a compound including an aromatic hydrocarbon ring structure, and a partial structure represented by formula (1) which bonds to the aromatic hydrocarbon ring structure; and a solvent. The aromatic hydrocarbon ring structure has no fewer than 25 carbon atoms. In the formula (1), X represents a group represented by formula (i), (ii), (iii), or (iv); and *'s denote binding sites to two adjacent carbon atoms constituting the aromatic hydrocarbon ring structure. A method of producing a patterned substrate, includes applying the composition directly or indirectly on a substrate to form a resist underlayer film; forming a resist pattern directly or indirectly on the resist underlayer film; and carrying out etching using the resist pattern as a mask.

##STR00001##

The present invention provides a novel compound that can be used as a lactate dehydrogenase inhibitor or an active ingredient of a medicament such as an antiepileptic agent and an anti-cancer agent, and particularly, provides a novel compound excellent in metabolic stability. The novel compound according to the present invention is a compound represented by the following formula (1). In formula (1), R represents any substituent (for example, a monovalent substituent of an aromatic or non-aromatic 3 to 14-membered ring which may be unsubstituted or substituted and monocyclic or polycyclic), R.sup.a, R.sup.b, R.sup.c, R.sup.d, R.sup.e, R.sup.f, R.sup.g, R.sup.h and R.sup.i each represent a hydrogen atom or any substituent (for example, R.sup.a to R.sup.i are all hydrogen atoms, or R.sup.e, R.sup.f, R.sup.g, R.sup.h and R.sup.i are hydrogen atoms and at least one of R.sup.a, R.sup.b, R.sup.c and R.sup.d is any substituent).

##STR00001##

The present invention provides a novel compound that can be used as a lactate dehydrogenase inhibitor or an active ingredient of a medicament such as an antiepileptic agent and an anti-cancer agent, and particularly, provides a novel compound excellent in metabolic stability. The novel compound according to the present invention is a compound represented by the following formula (1). In formula (1), R represents any substituent (for example, a monovalent substituent of an aromatic or non-aromatic 3 to 14-membered ring which may be unsubstituted or substituted and monocyclic or polycyclic), R.sup.a, R.sup.b, R.sup.c, R.sup.d, R.sup.e, R.sup.f, R.sup.g, R.sup.h and R.sup.i each represent a hydrogen atom or any substituent (for example, R.sup.a to R.sup.i are all hydrogen atoms, or R.sup.e, R.sup.f, R.sup.g, R.sup.h and R.sup.i are hydrogen atoms and at least one of R.sup.a, R.sup.b, R.sup.c and R.sup.d is any substituent).

##STR00001##

A resist composition that contains a base material component exhibiting changed solubility in a developing solution under action of acid and a compound (D0) represented by General Formula (d0), in which R.sup.01, R.sup.02, R.sup.03, and R.sup.04 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, a halogen atom, or an alkyl group; alternatively, R.sup.01 and R.sup.02, R.sup.02 and R.sup.03, or R.sup.03 and R.sup.04 are bonded to each other to form an aromatic ring; R.sup.05 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group; Y represents a group that forms an alicyclic group together with a carbon atom *C; provided that at least one of the carbon atoms that form the alicyclic group is substituted with an ether bond, a thioether bond, a carbonyl group, a sulfinyl group, or a sulfonyl group; m represents an integer of 1 or more, and M.sup.m+ represents an m-valent organic cation

##STR00001##

A resist composition that contains a base material component exhibiting changed solubility in a developing solution under action of acid and a compound (D0) represented by General Formula (d0), in which R.sup.01, R.sup.02, R.sup.03, and R.sup.04 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, a halogen atom, or an alkyl group; alternatively, R.sup.01 and R.sup.02, R.sup.02 and R.sup.03, or R.sup.03 and R.sup.04 are bonded to each other to form an aromatic ring; R.sup.05 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group; Y represents a group that forms an alicyclic group together with a carbon atom *C; provided that at least one of the carbon atoms that form the alicyclic group is substituted with an ether bond, a thioether bond, a carbonyl group, a sulfinyl group, or a sulfonyl group; m represents an integer of 1 or more, and M.sup.m+ represents an m-valent organic cation

##STR00001##

The present invention refers to alkoxybenzaldehyde derivatives and precursors thereof. The invention further refers to perfume compositions and fragranced article comprising them.

The present invention provides PC.sub.NHCP pincer metal complexes, which are useful as catalysts in various chemical reactions such as hydrogen isotope exchange (HIE) in C(sp.sup.3)-H and/or C(sp.sup.2)-H bond of an organic compound, e.g., a pharmaceutically active compound; hydroboration of alkynes with excellent selectivity; and alkene isomerization with high stereo- and regioselectivity.

The present disclosure provides LPA antagonists, as well as pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds disclosed herein. Also provided are methods for treating LPA-associated diseases, disorders, and conditions.

The present disclosure generally provides conjugates diynes, particularly 6,8-diyne amides, and the use of such compounds and related compounds as flavor modifiers. In some aspects, the disclosure provides compositions that include such conjugated diynes, such as compositions that include such conjugated diynes and one or more additional compounds, such as a sweetener, salt, a glutamate, an arginate, and the like. In some other aspects, the disclosure provides methods of reducing or eliminating the amount of sweetener, salt, glutamate, or arginate in a food or beverage product.

The present disclosure generally provides conjugates diynes, particularly 6,8-diyne amides, and the use of such compounds and related compounds as flavor modifiers. In some aspects, the disclosure provides compositions that include such conjugated diynes, such as compositions that include such conjugated diynes and one or more additional compounds, such as a sweetener, salt, a glutamate, an arginate, and the like. In some other aspects, the disclosure provides methods of reducing or eliminating the amount of sweetener, salt, glutamate, or arginate in a food or beverage product.