An electronic switching element is described having, in sequence, a first electrode, a molecular layer bonded to a substrate, and a second electrode. The molecular layer contains compounds of formula I, R.sup.1-(A.sup.1-Z.sup.1).sub.rB.sup.1(Z.sup.2-A.sup.2).sub.s-Sp-G, wherein A.sup.1, A.sup.2, B.sup.1, Z.sup.1, Z.sup.2, Sp, G, r, and s are as defined herein, in which a mesogenic radical is bonded to the substrate via a spacer group, Sp, by means of an anchor group, G. The switching element is suitable for production of components that can operate as a memristive device for digital information storage.

Phosphonate linkers and their use for delivering compounds with passive cell permeability into a cell wherein the phosphonate group facilitates cellular retention of the compound are described.

Phosphonate linkers and their use for delivering compounds with passive cell permeability into a cell wherein the phosphonate group facilitates cellular retention of the compound are described.

Methods for stabilizing one or more peroxide compounds in solution comprising adding to the solution an effective amount of at least one compound selected from the group comprising (i) cyclic carbonates; (ii) poly-phosphonic acid chelating agents and salts thereof, and alkaline pH adjusting agents with a pKb value of up to 3.0, wherein the w/w ratio of the poly-phosphonic acid chelating agent or salt thereof to alkali or alkaline earth metal hydroxide is from about 1:1 to about 50:1; and (iii) mixtures thereof. Also disclosed are solutions comprising the above compounds, uses of the above compounds to stabilize peroxide compounds in solutions, and compounds recited above for use as novel stabilizers.

A novel method for rapidly and efficiently introducing fluorine into the P-C-P backbone of bisphosphonates starting from readily accessible diazomethylenebisphosphonate esters is provided. The method is applied successfully to create novel [.sup.18F]-labeled bisphosphonates for positron emission tomography imaging. Some versions of the method include reacting a diazomethylenebisphosphonate tetraalkyl ester with a fluorinating agent in the presence of an acidic HF/base complex and a t-butyl hypohalite to produce a halofluoromethylenebisphosphonate tetraalkyl ester, and dealkylating the halofluoromethylenebisphosphonate alkyl ester to produce a halofluoromethylenebis(phosphonic acid). Methods of replacing the halogen group with hydrogen are further provided. .sup.18F-labeled bisphosphonates prepared by the methods, and methods of using such compounds for positron emission tomography imaging in patients and animal models, are also provided.

It is intended to provide a novel bisphosphonic acid compound or a salt thereof which shows a remarkable inhibitory effect on ectopic calcification, and a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same. The present invention provides a bisphosphonic acid compound represented by the following formula (1) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: ##STR00001##
wherein represents a single bond or a double bond; A represents a saturated cyclic hydrocarbon or a saturated heterocyclic ring comprising a sulfur atom or an oxygen atom; and R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each independently represent an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryloxy group, a haloalkoxy group, a haloalkyl group, a halogen atom or a hydrogen atom.

Phosphonate linkers and their use for delivering compounds with passive cell permeability into a cell wherein the phosphonate group facilitates cellular retention of the compound are described.

An electronic switching element (1) which comprises, in this sequence, a first electrode (16), a molecular layer (18) bonded to a substrate, and a second electrode (20), where the molecular layer essentially consists of compounds of the formula I indicated in claim 1, in which a mesogenic radical is bonded to the substrate via a spacer group (Sp) by means of an anchor group (G), is suitable for the production of components (1) as memristive device for digital information storage.

Disclosed herein is a material comprising a functionalized solid support surface, wherein the functionalization comprises a thioalkylene linker bound to the support surface and the thioalkylene linker is coupled to a moiety derived from a ligand, wherein the ligand includes a terminal alkenyl and at least one first functional group configured to bind to at least one predetermined target species.

Phosphonate linkers and their use for delivering compounds with passive cell permeability into a cell wherein the phosphonate group facilitates cellular retention of the compound are described.