A method is used to provide an electrically-conductive polyaniline pattern by providing a uniform layer of a photocurable composition on a substrate. The photocurable composition comprises a water-soluble reactive polymer comprising (a) greater than 40 mol % of recurring units comprising sulfonic acid or sulfonate groups, and (b) at least 5 mol % of recurring units comprising a pendant group capable of crosslinking via [2+2] photocycloaddition. The photocurable composition is exposed to cause crosslinking via [2+2] photocycloaddition of the (b) recurring units, thereby forming a crosslinked polymer. Any remaining water-soluble reactive polymer is removed. The crosslinked polymer is contacted with an aniline reactive composition having aniline monomer and up to 0.5 molar of an aniline oxidizing agent, thereby forming an electrically-conductive polyaniline disposed either within, on top of, or both within and on top of, the crosslinked polymer.

A method is used to provide an electrically-conductive polyaniline pattern by providing a uniform layer of a photocurable composition on a substrate. The photocurable composition comprises a water-soluble reactive polymer comprising (a) greater than 40 mol % of recurring units comprising sulfonic acid or sulfonate groups, and (b) at least 5 mol % of recurring units comprising a pendant group capable of crosslinking via [2+2] photocycloaddition. The photocurable composition is exposed to cause crosslinking via [2+2] photocycloaddition of the (b) recurring units, thereby forming a crosslinked polymer. Any remaining water-soluble reactive polymer is removed. The crosslinked polymer is contacted with an aniline reactive composition having aniline monomer and up to 0.5 molar of an aniline oxidizing agent, thereby forming an electrically-conductive polyaniline disposed either within, on top of, or both within and on top of, the crosslinked polymer.

The invention provides novel flame-retardant polymers and materials, their synthesis and use. More particularly, the flame-retardant polymers are deoxybenzoin-derived polymers.

A transparent body production method that includes subjecting the compound represented by formula (1) to heating at a temperature equal to or greater than the melting point of said compound. In formula (1), each of W.sup.1 and W.sup.2 is the group represented by formula (2) in which the ring Z is an aromatic hydrocarbon ring, X is a single bond or —S—, R.sup.1 is a single bond or an alkylene group having 1-4 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 is a specific substituent, and m is an integer of 0 or higher, the group represented by formula (4) is —OH— or a (meth)acryloyloxy group, each of the rings Y.sup.1 and Y.sup.2 is an aromatic hydrocarbon ring, R is a single bond or a specific divalent group, each of R.sup.3a and R.sup.3b is —CN, a halogen group, or a monovalent hydrocarbon group, and each of n1 and n2 is an integer of 0-4.

A non-chemically-amplified positive resist composition comprising a polymer comprising both recurring units derived from a sulfonium salt capable of generating a fluorinated acid and recurring units containing an amino group as a base resin exhibits a high resolution and a low edge roughness and forms a pattern of good profile after exposure and organic solvent development.

The present invention relates to a compound represented by any one of the following formula A to formula C, and a photosensitive composition comprising the same, wherein the structure of the compound represented by any one of formula A to formula C is as described in the detailed description of the invention.

The present invention relates to a compound represented by any one of the following formula A to formula C, and a photosensitive composition comprising the same, wherein the structure of the compound represented by any one of formula A to formula C is as described in the detailed description of the invention.

A material from which a cured film exhibiting high solvent resistance, liquid crystal-alignment performance, heat resistance and high transparency can be formed. A composition for forming a thermoset film having photo alignment properties, including: a component (A) that is an acrylic copolymer having a photodimerizing moiety and a thermal cross-linking moiety; and a component (B) that is a cross-linking agent.

A material from which a cured film exhibiting high solvent resistance, liquid crystal-alignment performance, heat resistance and high transparency can be formed. A composition for forming a thermoset film having photo alignment properties, including: a component (A) that is an acrylic copolymer having a photodimerizing moiety and a thermal cross-linking moiety; and a component (B) that is a cross-linking agent.

A π-conjugated aromatic/heteroaromatic oligomer-containing vinyl monomer is generally provided, which can include a polymerizable group, a linker group, and a π-conjugated aromatic/heteroaromatic side chain. The π-conjugated aromatic/heteroaromatic side chain includes a first cyclopentadiene ring covalently attached to the linder group, a set of second cyclopentadiene rings covalently attached to the first cyclopentadiene ring, and a third cyclopentadiene ring positioned at a terminal end of the π-conjugated aromatic/heteroaromatic side chain such that the set of second cyclopentadiene rings is positioned between the first cyclopentadiene ring and the third cyclopentadiene ring. Methods are also provided for forming a polymer via polymerizing the π-conjugated aromatic/heteroaromatic oligomer-containing vinyl monomer, and for grafting a π-conjugated aromatic/heteroaromatic oligomer-containing polymer onto a surface of a nanomaterial.