A process is described for producing PU foams, especially rigid PU foams, based on foamable reaction mixtures containing polyisocyanates, compounds having reactive hydrogen atoms, blowing agents, foam stabilizers, and possibly further additives, wherein polymer particles are additionally used, the average particle size of the polymer particles being <100 μm, preferably <70 μm, especially 5 to 50 μm.

The invention pertains generally to a shelf-stable polyurethane HFO-blown two-component polyurethane foam composition which includes controlling the ratio of tin-containing catalyst(s) to potassium-containing catalyst(s).

Disclosed is an organic amine salt foaming agent, that is, a composite polyurethane foaming agent, comprising: 1) hexafluorobutene; and 2) an alkanolamine salt mixture (MAA), the alkanolamine salt mixture (MAA) contains an organic amine salt compound having the following general formula (I): A.sup.n−[B.sup.m+].sub.p (I); wherein A.sup.n− is one or two or three selected from the following anions: (b) carbonate: CO.sub.3.sup.2−; (c) formate: HCOO.sup.−; (d) bicarbonate: HO—COO.sup.−. A polyurethane foaming method using carbon dioxide and an organic amine in combination is also disclosed, in which carbon dioxide is added to a polyurethane composition for foaming. A method for preparing an alkanolamine carbonate salt with low water content from ammonium carbonate and an epoxide is additionally disclosed, in which a liquid alkanolamine salt mixture is used as a dispersion medium or as a solvent for reaction raw material.

The present invention provides compositions having a phase transfer trimer catalyst and methods to produce polyisocyanurate/polyurethane foam using such compositions.

Provided are an electroviscous fluid exhibiting a high ER effect and having sufficient durability, and a cylinder device. An electroviscous fluid of the present invention includes a fluid and polyurethane particles containing metal ions. The polyurethane particles have a phase separation structure of a hard segment and a soft segment, and contain an additive increasing a urethane bond forming the hard segment.

A vehicle wiper blade comprises a blade support part and a lip part coupled swingably with the blade support part via a neck. The lip part comprises polyurethane. The polyurethane comprises a reactant of a composition including an isocyanate compound which includes diisocyanate and tri- or higher functional polyfunctional isocyanate, and an alcohol which includes tri- or higher functional polyfunctional alcohol. The diisocyanate has an aromatic ring in a molecule. When a molecule of the polyurethane is ionized with a mass spectrometer of a direct sample injection system, then obtained M1, M2 and M3 satisfy the following relation: M2/M1 is 0.001 to 0.028, M3/M1 is 0.020 to 0.110, and M2/M3 is 0.013 to 0.300, and a concentration of the polyfunctional alcohol in the polyurethane is 0.12 mmol/g to 0.65 mmol/g.

A vehicle windshield wiper blade comprising: a blade support portion; and a lip portion, wherein the lip portion has a tapered portion having a cross section that is taken along a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the wiper blade and that has a width that gradually decreases from a side closer to the blade support portion towards a direction farthest away from the blade support portion, the lip portion has a tip surface and first and second tapered surfaces constituting the tapered portion, and, in a specific observation region of the first and second tapered surfaces, the average value of the elastic modulus measured at a 0.1 μm pitch is 15-470 MPa and the coefficient of variation of the elastic modulus is at most 17.6%.

Disclosed are methods of forming foam comprising: (a) providing a foamable composition comprising an isocyanate, a polyol and a physical blowing agent comprising at least about 50% by weight of hydrohaloolefin, including trans1233zd, and wherein the polyol comprises a polyol or mixture of polyols such that the hydrohaloolefin, including trans1233zd, has a solubility in said polyol of less than about 30%; and (b) forming a foam from said foamable composition.

A reaction system for preparing polymer polyol and a method for preparing polymer polyol. The reaction system comprises a reactor, a first circulation unit, a second circulation unit, and a flow direction switching unit, wherein the reaction cavity of the reactor is divided into a first reaction chamber and a second reaction chamber by a partition plate, and the top of the partition plate is provided with an overflow port to communicate the first reaction chamber and the second reaction chamber with each other; the first circulation unit enables the material in the first reaction chamber to circulate between the discharge port of the first reaction chamber and the feed port of the first reaction chamber; the second circulation unit enables the material in the second reaction chamber to circulate between the discharge port of the second reaction chamber and the feed port of the second reaction chamber. The polymer polyol prepared by the reaction system has a low-viscosity effect, and by using the polymer polyol prepared by the method, a polyurethane foam having excellent mechanical properties and high hardness can be obtained.

A polyurethane insulation foam composition is disclosed herein. The polyurethane insulation foam comprises: (i) an isocyanate compound; (ii) an isocyanate reactive compound; (iii) water; (iv) a tertiary amine compound; (v) a hydrophilic carboxylic acid compound; (vi) a halogenated olefin compound; and (vii) optionally, other additives.