The problem addressed by the present invention is to provide an antifogging coating film having excellent antifogging property, antifogging persistence, persistence of appearance, and elution resistance. The coating film according to the present invention contains a metal oxide (A) and a hydrophilic compound (B); the height of the eluate by a coating film surface elution test is 1.0 m or less; this test is carried out by placing 10 L of deionized water on the coating film, allowing the film to stand for 24 hours in a 23 C., 50% RH environment, measuring the eluate height of 20 locations selected randomly within a 10 cm.sup.2 range on the coating film surface, and determining the maximum height; and the water contact angle measured after subjecting the coating film to a moisture resistance test by exposure for 24 hours in an 85 C., 85% RH environment followed by standing for one hour in a 23 C., 50% RH environment, is less than 40. Preferably, the elution level per coating film unit volume by a coating film total elution test is 40 mg/cm.sup.3 or less, and this test is carried out by immersing the coating film in 23 C. deionized water for 24 hours, then measuring the weight of the coating film eluate recovered from the deionized water.

An aqueous coating composition suitable for automotive leather finishing topcoats that has low odor and low VOC content, and also exhibits acceptable pot life.

The present disclosure relates to a novel cellulose nanomaterial (CN) based waterborne polyurethane coating, and to methods of making and using the novel cellulose nanomaterial (CN) based waterborne polyurethane coating.

A resin composition including a resin having an alcoholic hydroxy group and/or a carboxy group as a crosslinkable group, which exhibits excellent crosslinking reactivity to a polycarbodiimide compound and a polyoxazoline compound even at a low reaction temperature where the resin does not cause discoloration or thermal decomposition; a resin material including the resin composition; and a resin crosslinked body that is a reaction product of the resin composition are provided. The resin composition includes at least one resin (A) containing at least an alcoholic hydroxy group and a carboxy group; at least one crosslinking agent (B) selected from a polycarbodiimide compound and a polyoxazoline compound; and a specific organometallic compound (C). The resin material including the resin composition and the resin crosslinked body are provided.

A process for producing a thermoformable polymer/fiber composite using a fibrous substrate, an organic di- or polyisocyanate compound and a dispersion polymer.

A binder has at least one isocyanate and at least one biopolymer mixed with water. The biopolymer may be a biopolymer nanoparticle or cooked and chemically modified starch. Optionally, the binder may also include urea. The biopolymer and water are mixed, and the isocyanate is added to the mixture. The binder may have a viscosity that is suitable for being sprayed on a substrate to make a composite material, for example a viscosity of 700 cP or less or 500 cP or less at 40 C. The substrate may be wood, another lignocellulosic material, or synthetic or natural fibers. In particular examples, the binder is used to make no added formaldehyde wood composites including particle board and fiberboard. Alternatively, the binder may have a higher viscosity and be used to make plywood.

The present invention relates to a hydrophilizing agent for producing a self-emulsifying polyisocyanate composition, the hydrophilizing agent comprising an anionic compound represented by the following formula (1):

##STR00001## wherein X represents a sulfo group or a hydroxysulfonyloxy group, R.sup.1 represents a straight-chain or branched alkylene group, and R.sup.2 represents a straight-chain or branched alkyl group; the total number of carbon atoms included in R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is 6 or more and less than 14, and one or two or more carbon atoms in the groups R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are optionally replaced with an oxygen atom(s).

The present invention provides a method for producing an aqueous carbodiimide having excellent crosslinking reactivity with a crosslinking group, such as an alcoholic hydroxy group of an aqueous resin. The method for producing an aqueous carbodiimide-containing liquid includes a step (1) of mixing an isocyanate group-containing carbodiimide (A), a terminal blocking agent, and at least one organic metal compound selected from an organic titanium compound, an organic zirconium compound, and an organic aluminum compound and allowing them to react with each other, to obtain a terminal-blocked carbodiimide (B) in which the isocyanate group is blocked with the terminal blocking agent; and a step (2) of dissolving or dispersing the terminal-blocked carbodiimide (B) in an aqueous solvent, to obtain an aqueous carbodiimide-containing liquid, wherein the terminal blocking agent contains a hydrophilic compound (X) having a functional group having reactivity with the isocyanate group and a hydrophilic group other than the functional group.

The present invention provides a flexible wrapping material comprising a coolant gel composition comprising, i) at least one hydrophilic polyurethane prepolymer, ii) a coolant agent, iii) water, and iv) thermally conductive filler.

The present invention provides methods for producing polyurethane foam compositions. Such methods include mixing an A-side composition, a B-side composition, and CO.sub.2 to provide a foam mixture, wherein at least a portion of the CO.sub.2 is added as a separate stream, or is provided dissolved in the B-side composition.