Solvent free epoxy systems are disclosed that can include a hardener compound H comprising: a molecular structure (R.sub.1—(Y.sup.1)n), wherein R.sub.1 is an ionic moiety, Y.sup.1 is a nucleophilic group, n is a between 2 and 10; and an ionic moiety A acting as a counter ion to R.sub.1; and an epoxy compound E comprising: a molecular structure (R.sub.2—Z.sup.1)n), wherein R.sub.2 is an ionic moiety, Z.sup.1 comprises an epoxide group, n is a between 2 and 10, and an ionic moiety B acting as a counter ion to R.sub.2. In embodiments, the epoxy compound E and/or the hardener H is comprised in a solvent-less ionic liquid. The systems can further include accelerators, crosslinkers, plasticizers, inhibitors, ionic hydrophobic and/or super-hydrophobic compounds, ionic hydrophilic compounds, ionic transitional hydrophobic/hydrophilic compounds, biological active compounds, and/or plasticizer compounds. Polymers made from the disclosed epoxy systems and their methods of use are described.

Solvent free epoxy system that includes: a hardener compound H comprising: a molecular structure (Y.sup.1—R.sub.1—Y.sup.2), wherein R.sub.1 is an ionic moiety Y.sup.1 is a nucleophilic group and Y.sup.2 nucleophilic group; and an ionic moiety A acting as a counter ion to R.sub.1; and an epoxy compound E comprising: a molecular structure (Z.sup.1—R.sub.2—Z.sup.2), wherein R.sub.2 is an ionic moiety, Z.sup.1 comprises an epoxide group, and Z.sup.2 comprises an epoxide group; and an ionic moiety B acting as a counter ion to R.sub.2. In embodiments, the epoxy compound E and/or the hardener H is comprised in a solvent-less ionic liquid. The systems can further include accelerators, crosslinkers, plasticizers, inhibitors, ionic hydrophobic and/or super-hydrophobic compounds, ionic hydrophilic compounds, ionic transitional hydrophobic/hydrophilic compounds, biological active compounds, and/or plasticizer compounds. Polymers made from the disclosed epoxy systems and their methods of used.

A levoglucosan-based flame retardant compound, a process for forming a flame retardant polymer, and an article of manufacture comprising a polymer that contains the levoglucosan-based flame retardant compound. The levoglucosan-based flame retardant compound has phosphorus-based flame retardant functional groups. At least one of the phosphorus-based flame retardant groups includes a phenyl substituent. The process for forming the flame retardant polymer includes providing a phosphorus-based flame retardant molecule, providing levoglucosan, chemically reacting the phosphorus-based flame retardant molecule and the levoglucosan derivative to form a levoglucosan-based flame retardant compound, and incorporating the levoglucosan-based flame retardant compound into a polymer by covalent binding to form the levoglucosan-based flame retardant polymer.

The present invention provides a resin composition that contains copper particles and a particular resin and that is capable of producing a cured product having a low volume resistance value, and a cured product obtained by curing the resin composition. The resin composition contains (A) copper particles having an average particle diameter of 0.1 to 20 μm, (B) a phosphoric acid-modified epoxy resin obtained by reacting a phosphoric acid (b1) with an epoxy compound (b2), and (C) a curing agent, wherein the content of the component (B) and the content of the component (C), based on 100 parts by mass of the total amount of the components (A) to (C), are 0.1 to 30 parts by mass and 0.1 to 5 parts by mass, respectively. Further, the cured product is obtained by curing the resin composition.

A thermoset epoxy resin, its preparing composition and making process are disclosed. In particular, the thermoset epoxy resin is glycidyl ether of diphenolic bis-carbamate and formed by curing a one component epoxy composition and has a general structure as shown in formula (1).

A process of forming a resveratrol-based flame retardant small molecule with a phosphonate/phosphinate molecule that includes a chloride group and a terminal functional group.

A flame retardant levulinic acid-based compound, a process for forming a levulinic acid-based flame retardant polymer, and an article of manufacture comprising a material that contains a flame retardant levulinic acid-based polymer are disclosed. The flame retardant levulinic acid-based compound has variable moieties, which include phenyl-substituted and/or R functionalized flame retardant groups. The process for forming the flame retardant polymer includes forming a phosphorus-based flame retardant molecule, forming a levulinic acid derivative, chemically reacting the phosphorus-based flame retardant molecule and the levulinic acid derivative to form a flame retardant levulinic acid-based compound, and incorporating the levulinic acid-based flame retardant compound into a polymer to form the flame retardant polymer.

Solvent free epoxy system that includes: a hardener compound H comprising: a molecular structure (Y.sup.1—R.sub.1—Y.sup.2), wherein R.sub.1 is an ionic moiety Y.sup.1 is a nucleophilic group and Y.sup.2 nucleophilic group; and an ionic moiety A acting as a counter ion to R.sub.1; and an epoxy compound E comprising: a molecular structure (Z.sup.1R.sub.2—Z.sup.2), wherein R.sub.1 is an ionic moiety, Z.sup.1 comprises an epoxide group, and Z.sup.2 comprises an epoxide group; and an ionic moiety B acting as a counter ion to R.sub.2. In embodiments, the epoxy compound E and/or the hardener H is comprised in a solvent-less ionic liquid. The systems can further include accelerators, crosslinkers, plasticizers, inhibitors, ionic hydrophobic and/or super-hydrophobic compounds, ionic hydrophilic compounds, ionic transitional hydrophobic/hydrophilic compounds, biological active compounds, and/or plasticizer compounds. Polymers made from the disclosed epoxy systems and their methods of used.

One-component epoxy adhesives containing a phosphorus-modified epoxy resin, a toughener and an epoxy resin that is neither rubber-modified nor phosphorus-modified. These adhesives are structural adhesives useful in automotive applications. They exhibit particularly good corrosion resistance.

A flame retardant levulinic acid-based compound, a process for forming a levulinic acid-based flame retardant polymer, and an article of manufacture comprising a material that contains a flame retardant levulinic acid-based polymer are disclosed. The flame retardant levulinic acid-based compound has variable moieties, which include phenyl-substituted and/or R functionalized flame retardant groups. The process for forming the flame retardant polymer includes forming a phosphorus-based flame retardant molecule, forming a levulinic acid derivative, chemically reacting the phosphorus-based flame retardant molecule and the levulinic acid derivative to form a flame retardant levulinic acid-based compound, and incorporating the levulinic acid-based flame retardant compound into a polymer to form the flame retardant polymer.