An embodiment of the present invention relates to a method for producing a binder resin, from which a toner having excellent low-temperature fusing property, roller release properties, and pulverization properties, is obtained, a binder resin, and a toner for development of electrostatic images including the binder resin. An embodiment of the present invention relates to a method for producing a binder resin including the following steps (1) and (2): step (1): mixing an aromatic alcohol including an alkylene oxide adduct of bisphenol A and fumaric acid; and step (2): further adding a carboxylic acid to the mixture obtained in the step (1) and mixing until a softening point of the binder resin in the system falls within the predetermined range, wherein in the molecular weight distribution measured by gel permeation chromatography, the binder resin includes 40% or more of components having a molecular weight of 10,000 or more and has a peak top of molecular weight distribution within a range of 7,500 or more and 10,000 or less.

The present invention aims to provide a means by which a cured product to be obtained has a low dielectric loss tangent and higher heat resistance. Specifically, provided is an active ester resin that is a reaction product of a first aromatic compound having two or more phenolic hydroxy groups, a second aromatic compound having a phenolic hydroxy group, and a third aromatic compound having two or more carboxy groups and/or an acid halide thereof or an esterified compound thereof, in which at least one of the first aromatic compound, the second aromatic compound, and the third aromatic compound and/or the acid halide thereof or the esterified compound thereof has an unsaturated bond-containing substituent.

A curable composition to be cured to provide a cured product excellent in heat resistance and dielectric properties, a cured product of the curable composition, a printed wiring board, a semiconductor sealing material, and a build-up film using the curable composition. There is provided a curable composition containing an aromatic ester resin (A) and a maleimide compound (B), the aromatic ester resin (A) being an active ester resin that is a reaction product of a first aromatic compound having two or more phenolic hydroxy groups, a second aromatic compound having a phenolic hydroxy group, and a third aromatic compound having two or more carboxy groups and/or an acid halide thereof or an esterified compound thereof, in which at least one of the first aromatic compound, the second aromatic compound, and the third aromatic compound and/or the acid halide thereof or the esterified compound thereof has a polymerizable unsaturated bond-containing substituent.

A curable composition to be cured to provide a cured product excellent in heat resistance and dielectric properties, a cured product of the curable composition, a printed wiring board, a semiconductor sealing material, and a build-up film using the curable composition. There is provided a curable composition containing an aromatic ester resin (A) and a maleimide compound (B), the aromatic ester resin (A) being an active ester resin that is a reaction product of a first aromatic compound having two or more phenolic hydroxy groups, a second aromatic compound having a phenolic hydroxy group, and a third aromatic compound having two or more carboxy groups and/or an acid halide thereof or an esterified compound thereof, in which at least one of the first aromatic compound, the second aromatic compound, and the third aromatic compound and/or the acid halide thereof or the esterified compound thereof has a polymerizable unsaturated bond-containing substituent.

A novel copolyester hot-melt adhesive and a preparation method thereof are disclosed. The preparation method mainly includes the following steps: selecting raw materials according to preset ratios, wherein the raw materials include: bisphenol A, maleic acid, terephthalic acid, another dibasic acid, 1,4-butanediol, another dibasic alcohol, catalysts and a stabilizer; producing a prepolymer under negative pressure in a low-temperature section, completing an esterification process under normal pressure in the low-temperature section, and completing a polycondensation step under negative pressure in a high-temperature section, thereby finally preparing the novel copolyester hot-melt adhesive product. According to the disclosed copolyester hot-melt adhesive product, on the basis of maintaining the comprehensive performance of the existing conventional copolyester hot-melt adhesive products, the dry cleaning resistance is greatly enhanced, and is no less than the washing resistance of a polyamide hot-melt adhesive, but the overall cost is lower than that of the conventional polyamide hot-melt adhesives.

A photosensitive resin composition and a manufacturing method thereof, a black matrix, a pixel layer, a protective film, a color filter, and a liquid crystal display apparatus are provided. The photosensitive resin composition includes an alkali-soluble resin (A), a compound (B) containing an ethylenically-unsaturated group, a photoinitiator (C), and a solvent (D), wherein the alkali-soluble resin (A) contains a first alkali-soluble resin (A-1) having all of a fluorene group, a polymerizable unsaturated group, and a carbamate group. The photosensitive resin composition contains a specific alkali-soluble resin (A-1), so that a pattern formed by the photosensitive resin composition has no development residue and good sputtering resistance.

An object of the present invention is to provide a toner binder and a toner that maintains offset resistance while having high gloss and that is excellent in low-temperature fixability, grindability, image strength, and heat-resistant storage stability. The toner binder of the present invention is a toner binder containing a non-linear polyester modified resin (A), wherein the non-linear polyester modified resin (A) is a modified resin having one or more carbon-carbon bonds crosslinking polyesters, and the toner binder has a loss tangent tan of 2 to 20 in the entire temperature range of 110 C. to 130 C.

An object of the present invention is to provide a toner binder and a toner that maintains offset resistance while having high gloss and that is excellent in low-temperature fixability, grindability, image strength, and heat-resistant storage stability. The toner binder of the present invention is a toner binder containing a non-linear polyester modified resin (A), wherein the non-linear polyester modified resin (A) is a modified resin having one or more carbon-carbon bonds crosslinking polyesters, and the toner binder has a loss tangent tan of 2 to 20 in the entire temperature range of 110 C. to 130 C.

A fibrous insulation product, such as a fibrous insulation blanket or board product, includes a plurality of fibers that are entangled together and a crosslinked aromatic polymeric binder that bonds the plurality of fibers together. The fibrous insulation product includes between 80 and 99 weight percent of the fibers and between 1% by weight and 20% by weight of the crosslinked aromatic binder. The fibrous insulation product has a density of between 0.4 and 6.0 pounds per cubic foot (pcf) and an R-value of between 4 and 50. The crosslinked aromatic polymeric binder has an aromaticity of greater than 10%.

A fibrous insulation product, such as a fibrous insulation blanket or board product, includes a plurality of fibers that are entangled together and a crosslinked aromatic polymeric binder that bonds the plurality of fibers together. The fibrous insulation product includes between 80 and 99 weight percent of the fibers and between 1% by weight and 20% by weight of the crosslinked aromatic binder. The fibrous insulation product has a density of between 0.4 and 6.0 pounds per cubic foot (pcf) and an R-value of between 4 and 50. The crosslinked aromatic polymeric binder has an aromaticity of greater than 10%.