A fluorine-containing copolymer represented by formula (1) or (2):

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where R.sup.F1, X.sup.a, X.sup.b, R.sup.4, n, R.sup.a and R.sup.F2 are as defined herein. Also disclosed is a surface-treating agent containing the fluorine-containing copolymer, a curable composition containing the fluorine-containing copolymer or surface-treating agent and a matrix forming composition, a film formed from the surface-treating agent or curable composition, and an article including a substrate and a layer formed on a surface of the substrate from the surface-treating agent or curable composition.

An encoding/decoding apparatus and method using a low-density parity-check code (LDPC code) is disclosed. Basic column group information, serving as a set of information regarding positions of rows with weight 1, is extracted from a reference column in each column group of a predetermined parity-check matrix. Column group information transforms the positions of rows with weight 1 into positions whose lengths are within a required parity length. A parity-check matrix is generated according to the generated column group information. Data is enclosed or decoded based on the generated parity-check matrix.

A PEG linker as represented by formula (I), wherein n and m are respectively an integer from 1 to 7, providing the PEG linker with 1 to 49 linking sites. A ligand drug conjugate as represented by formula (II). The conjugate uses the PEG linker to increase a drug loading capacity and drug loading diversity, thereby improving pharmaceutical efficacy.
Y1-PEG1-{R.sup.1-PEG2-{Y4}.sub.n}.sub.m  (I)
TM-{R.sup.2-PEG1-{R.sup.1-PEG2-{R.sup.3-A′-drug}.sub.n}.sub.m}.sub.l  (II)

The present disclosure relates to an oxidation-reduction polymer which can be used in an electrochemical sensor, and particularly, in a polymer backbone of an electron transfer medium of the electrochemical sensor. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to: an oxidation-reduction polymer which can be used in a poly (allyl glycidyl ether)-based electrochemical sensor including a repeating unit derived from allyl glycidyl ether; and an electron transfer medium and an electrochemical sensor including same, wherein the oxidation-reduction polymer is advantageous in confirming the completion of reaction during manufacture, has high immobilization efficiency of the transition metal complex, has low possibility of having problems of toxicity and side effects, and can add various functions.

The present invention discloses a PEGylated thioxanthone photoinitiator and a photosensitive resin composition, the PEGylated thioxanthone compound is eco-friendly and has low toxicity, high initiation efficiency and good thermal stability, meanwhile, as a kind of photoinitiator, the compound has a small amount of fragment residue after cured, and may improve the compatibility of the photoinitiator and photosensitive resin composition system. The photosensitive resin composition provided by the present invention has reasonable allocation of ingredients and content in the components thereof, capable of 3D-printing a hydrogel having a specific structure; the hydrogel has lower cytotoxicity and better biocompatibility, and may applied in bioengineering fields, e.g., 3D cell culture.

The present disclosure relates to an oxidation-reduction polymer including a transition metal complex, which has a unique structure, and so can be prepared in a simpler step compared to a conventional method, and can increase the immobilization rate of the transition metal complex and facilitates the introduction of a functional group or a linker, a method for preparing the same and an electrochemical biosensor comprising the oxidation-reduction polymer.

The present invention relates to a polyethylene glycol derivative and a preparation method thereof. A preparation process of a polyethylene glycol derivative, according to the present invention, may provide a novel polyethylene glycol derivative which can be utilized in various ways as a drug linker, and is appropriate and effective for mass production and is advantageous in reproducible mass production of high-quality products.

The present invention provides a novel compound for optical materials, and a curable composition, a cured body and an optical article containing the compound for optical materials. According to an embodiment, there is provided a compound for optical materials represented by Formula (Ia) below:

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In Formula (Ia), X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 are each NH, S, or O. R.sup.1 is a 1- to 30-valent organic residue. R.sup.3 is a group composed of a polymer having a repeating unit selected from the group consisting of —(CH.sub.2).sub.mO—, —(CH.sub.2CH.sub.2O)—, —(CH(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2O)—, —(CH.sub.2CH(CH.sub.3)O)—, — (C(═O)—CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2O)—, —(C(═O)—O—CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2O)—, and —(C(═O)—O—CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2O)—, a random copolymer having at least two repeating units selected from the group, or a block copolymer having at least two repeating units selected from the group.

According to one aspect of the present invention, an organic fluorine compound is represented by a general formula
(R-π-E-CH.sub.2).sub.2-A  (1A)
(where A is a divalent perfluoropolyether group, π is an arylene group or a single bond, R is an alkenyl group or an alkynyl group, and E is an ether bond or an ester bond or a group that is represented by a chemical formula
—O—CH.sub.2CH(OH)CH.sub.2O—
two groups each of which is represented by a general formula
R-π-E-CH.sub.2—
may be the same or different, and at least one n among two π is an arylene group).

A polymer electrolyte including a poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) containing polymer; and a lithium salt, wherein a terminal of the poly(ethylene oxide) containing polymer is substituted with a sulfur compound functional group, a nitrogen compound functional group or a phosphorus compound functional group, and a method for preparing the same and a battery containing the same.