Described herein are stable hydroxide ion-exchange polymers. The polymers include ionenes, which are polymers that contain ionic amines in the backbone. The polymers are alcohol-soluble and water-insoluble. The polymers have a water uptake and an ionic conductivity that are correlated to a degree of N-substitution. Methods of forming the polymers and membranes including the polymers are also provided. The polymers are suitable, for example, for use as ionomers in catalyst layers for fuel cells and electrolyzers.

The present invention aims to provide a hydrocarbon-based polymer electrolyte which is excellent in processability and proton conductivity, especially proton conductivity at low water content, and a membrane thereof. The polymer electrolyte contains, in its main chain, a repeating unit represented by the following formula (1): ##STR00001##
wherein Ar represents a benzene or naphthalene ring, or a derivative thereof in which one or more of the ring-forming carbon atoms is replaced by a hetero atom; X represents a proton or a cation; a and b are each an integer of 0 to 4, and the sum of a's and b's is 1 or greater; m represents an integer of 1 or greater; and n represents an integer of 0 or greater.

The present disclosure relates to the synthesis of a poly (alkyl-co-aryl piperidinium) polymer, which has no aryl-ether bond in the polymer backbone, contains an aliphatic chain in a repeating unit and has a piperidinium group introduced therein, and to the preparation of an anion exchange membrane and a composite membrane using the same. The anion exchange membrane and the composite membrane according to the present disclosure have superior alkaline stability and mechanical properties and very high ion conductivity. Furthermore, they reduce the phenyl adsorption effect of an electrode catalyst and exhibit high water permeability and power density as well as excellent durability. Thus, they can be applied to membranes and binders for alkaline fuel cells or water electrolysis.

The present invention relates to a novel proton-conducting polymer membrane based on polyazole polymers which, owing to their outstanding chemical and thermal properties, can be used widely and are suitable in particular as polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) for producing membrane electrode assemblies or so-called PEM fuel cells.

Copolymers including at least one optionally substituted 2-hydroxy-5-sulfonic aniline as a first constituent unit and at least one optionally substituted phenylenediamine as a second constituent unit are disclosed. Compositions containing the copolymers, and methods of making the copolymers are also disclosed. The compositions can also contain for example an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) and/or electrical conducting additives. The compositions can, for example, be used for detecting lead ions in a sample.

An anion exchange resin having a hydrophobic unit with divalent hydrophobic groups bonded to each other via an ether bond, the divalent hydrophobic groups being composed of one aromatic ring, or being composed of a plurality of aromatic rings which are bonded to each other via a divalent hydrocarbon group, carbon-carbon bond or the like; and a hydrophilic unit having divalent hydrophilic groups bonded to each other via carbon-carbon bond, the divalent hydrophilic groups being composed of one aromatic ring, or being composed of a plurality of aromatic rings which are bonded to each other via a divalent hydrocarbon group or carbon-carbon bond, the aromatic ring or at least one of the aromatic rings having an anion exchange group are bonded via carbon-carbon bond.

Polymers of intrinsic microporosity are provided herein. Disclosed polymers of intrinsic microporosity include modified polymers of intrinsic microporosity that include negatively charged sites or crosslinking between monomer units. Systems making use of polymers of intrinsic microporosity and modified polymers of intrinsic microporosity are also described, such as electrochemical cells and ion separation systems. Methods for making and using polymers of intrinsic microporosity and modified polymers of intrinsic microporosity are also disclosed.

A copolymer including a repeating unit represented by Formula I: wherein: L is a divalent hydrocarbon group comprising from 1 to 12 carbon atoms; and L is optional and when present is represented by Formula II: wherein: Y, Y and Y if present, are independently selected from: a carboxylic acid, sulfonic acid, phosphorous acid and phosphoric acid and their corresponding salt or ester; imino, amide, nitrile, hydrogen, hydroxyl and alkyl comprising from 1 to 6 carbon atoms; and A, A and A if present, are independently selected from an arylene moiety, with the proviso one or both Y and A may not be present.

##STR00001##

A proton exchange composite membrane (PECM) and a method of synthesizing the membrane are disclosed. The PECM may include a PBI membrane doped with an acid, an imidazolium-based dicationic ionic liquid, and a mesoporous material. This PECM can be used as an improved high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane (HT-PEM) fuel cell. The disclosed fuel cell can provide improved proton conductivity, acid uptake, and thermal stability.

An electrochemical compressor utilizes an anion conducting layer disposed between an anode and a cathode for transporting a working fluid. The working fluid may include carbon dioxide that is dissolved in water and is partially converted to carbonic acid that is equilibrium with bicarbonate anion. An electrical potential across the anode and cathode creates a pH gradient that drives the bicarbonate anion across the anion conducting layer to the cathode, wherein it is reformed into carbon dioxide. Therefore, carbon dioxide is pumped across the anion conducting layer. The compressor may be part of a refrigeration system that pumps the working fluid in a closed loop through a condenser and an evaporator.