Provided are a polymerizable compound having at least one monovalent group (A), a polymerizable composition containing the polymerizable compound, a liquid crystal composite prepared from the polymerizable composition, and a liquid crystal device having the polymerizable composition. ##STR00001## In monovalent group (A), R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently hydrogen, halogen or alkyl having 1 to 20 carbons, and in the alkyl, at least one piece of —CH.sub.2— may be replaced by —O— or —S—, and at least one piece of —(CH.sub.2).sub.2— may be replaced by —CH═CH—, and in the groups, at least one hydrogen may be replaced by halogen.

A liquid crystal composition containing a polymerizable compound and an application of the liquid crystal composition. The liquid crystal composition comprises a nematic phase liquid crystal composition and at least contains one or more polymerizable compounds represented by general formula (I). Compared with existing liquid crystal compositions, the polymerizable compound in the liquid crystal composition has the advantages of faster polymerization rate, smaller pretilt angle change, higher conversion rate, and less residue, the problem that existing PSVA-type liquid crystal display is bad is mitigated to a large extent, the amount of pretilt angle change is reduced, and the area Mura problem is solved.

##STR00001##

Dielectrically positive liquid-crystalline media comprising a compound of the formula TINUVIN 770 and optionally one or more compounds of formula I, ##STR00001##
in which the parameters have the respective meanings indicated in the specification, and optionally one or more further dielectrically positive compounds and optionally one or more further dielectrically neutral compounds, and to liquid-crystal displays, especially active-matrix displays and in particular TN, IPS and FFS displays, containing these media.

Liquid-crystalline media having one or more compounds of formula C ##STR00001##
and high-frequency components containing these media, especially microwave components for high-frequency devices, such as devices for shifting the phase of microwaves, tunable filters, tunable metamaterial structures, and electronic beam steering antennas (e.g. phased array antennas).

The present invention belongs to the technical field of liquid crystal materials, and in particular relates to a liquid crystal composition and a liquid crystal display element or liquid crystal display containing the liquid crystal composition. The present invention discloses a liquid crystal composition, comprising one or more compounds represented by Formula I, one or more compounds represented by Formula II, and one or more compounds represented by Formula III. The liquid crystal composition of the present invention has a large optical anisotropy and a small ratio of γ.sub.1/K.sub.11, and can be used for developing a liquid crystal display element or liquid crystal display with a low cell thickness and a fast response.

##STR00001##

Liquid-crystalline media containing one or more mesogenic compounds, one or more chiral compounds, and one or more polymerizable mesogenic compounds, wherein the media exhibit a pitch of 0.55 μm or more and a clearing point of 80° C. or more and wherein the one or more polymerizable mesogenic compounds are contained in an amount, based on the overall contents of the media, of 5% by weight or less, are suitable as modulation materials. Such modulation materials can be used in switching layers and window elements.

The present invention relates to mesogen compounds that include a first mesogen (Mesogen-1) and a second mesogen (Mesogen-2) that are connected by a linking group (-L-), as represented by the following Formula (I): ##STR00001##
Mesogen-1, and optionally Mesogen-2, each independently include the following terminal group, ##STR00002## where R is hydrogen, alkyl, or alkoxy. Mesogen-2 optionally includes a terminal group P—, which is selected from R, acrylate, methacrylate, trihalomethacrylate, oxirane, hydroxyl, carboxylic acid, and carboxylic acid ester. Mesogen-1 and Mesogen-2 together include a total of at least seven, or at least eight, cyclic groups. In some cases, Mesogen-1 and Mesengen-2 are the same. The present invention also relates to liquid crystal compositions that include such mesogen compounds, and to optical elements that include such mesogen compounds.

A liquid-crystalline medium which comprises at least one compound selected from the group of compounds of the formulae IA to IH,

##STR00001##

in which Z.sup.1 denotes a single bond, —CH.sub.2CH.sub.2—, —CH═CH—, —CH.sub.2O—, —OCH.sub.2—, —CF.sub.2O—, —OCF.sub.2—, —COO—, —OCO—, —C.sub.2F.sub.4—, —(CH.sub.2).sub.4—, —CHFCHF—, —CF.sub.2CH.sub.2—, —CH.sub.2CF.sub.2—, —C≡C—, —CF═CF—, —CH═CHCHO— or —CH.sub.2CF.sub.2O—,
and the use thereof for an active-matrix display, in particular based on the VA, PSA, PS-VA, PALC, FFS, PS-FFS, SA-VA, PS-IPS or IPS effect.

The present invention relates to a compound of formula UI

##STR00001##

as defined in claim 1, to a liquid crystal medium comprising a compound of formula UI and to high-frequency components comprising these media, especially microwave components for high-frequency devices, such as devices for shifting the phase of microwaves, tunable filters, tunable metamaterial structures, and electronic beam steering antennas, e.g. phased array antennas.

The invention relates to a liquid-crystalline medium which comprises at least one compound of the formula I,

##STR00001##

in which
R.sup.1, R.sup.1*, rings A and B, Z.sup.1, L.sup.1, L.sup.2, a and b have the meanings indicated in Claim 1,
and to the use thereof for an active-matrix display, in particular based on the VA, PSA, PS-VA, PALC, FFS, PS-FFS, IPS or PS-IPS effect.