To provide an electrochromic compound represented by the following general formula (1) where X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 are each independently a carbon atom or a nitrogen atom, R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each independently a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group, x is an integer selected from 0 through 3, y and z are each independently an integer selected from 0 through 4, and at least one of L.sup.1 and L.sup.2 is a monovalent functional group bonded to a nitrogen atom of a pyridinium ring directly, or via a divalent substituent. ##STR00001##

A phosphorescent emitter or delayed fluorescent and phosphorescent emitters represented by Formula I or Formula II, where M is platinum or palladium. ##STR00001##

New metal complexes containing a substituted fused aromatic moiety is disclosed. The substituents on the fused aromatic moiety fine-tune molecular energy levels and solid-state self-assembly, conducive to improved material performance in devices useful for phosphorescent organic light emitting devices.

An organic material represented by General Formula (1): where, in General Formula (1), R.sub.1 is an alkyl group having 6 carbon atoms or more but 20 carbon atoms or less; n is an integer of from 1 through 3; X1 to X4 are each a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom; and Z is a compound represented by General Formula (2), (3), or (4) below: where, in General Formulae (2) to (4), R.sub.2, R.sub.3, and R.sub.4 are each an alkyl group having 6 carbon atoms or more but 20 carbon atoms or less; and Y is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom.

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The present invention includes novel organic materials containing indolo[3,2-b]carbazoles and terphenyls. The compounds and materials of the present invention may be useful for PHOLED devices.

A compound including a ligand L.sub.A of Formula I,

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where C.sup.1 and C.sup.2 are carbon atoms and a moiety of Formula II,

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is bonded to one of C.sup.1 and C.sup.2 by the two dashed lines in Formula II is provided. The variables in Formulae I and II are as defined in the present disclosure.

This invention discloses novel ligands for metal complexes. These ligands contain a phenyl with an iso-quinoline (or other type of heterocycles) which are bridged together with a carbon substituted by two aliphatic side chains. The resulting light-emitting metal complexes exhibited high external quantum efficiency and better line shape.

The present invention relates to a compound of formula (I), wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are each independently hydrogen or R.sup.a, with proviso that a pair of two substituents selected from R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3, and R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 is linked to one another and forms a group of formula (II); a material for an organic electroluminescence device comprising at least one compound of formula (I); an organic electroluminescence device which comprises an organic thin film layer be-tween an anode and a cathode, wherein the organic thin film layer comprises one or more layers and comprises a light emitting layer, and at least one layer of the organic thin film layer comprises at least one compound of formula (I); and an electronic equipment comprising the inventive organic electroluminescence device.

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The invention provides highly fluorescent materials comprising a heterocyclic systems represented by formula (I): D.sub.1-HetL-Het.sub.iD.sub.2, wherein i is 0 and Het is ##STR00001##
wherein X is S. The chromophores are particularly useful for absorption and emission of photons in the visible and near infrared wavelength range. The photo-stable highly luminescent chromophores are useful in various applications, including in wavelength conversion films. Wavelength conversion films have the potential to significantly enhance the solar harvesting efficiency of photovoltaic or solar cell devices.

An organic light-emitting device includes: a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; and an organic layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, the organic layer including an emission layer, wherein the organic layer includes a first compound represented by Formula 1 and a second compound represented by Formula 501. The organic light-emitting device including the first compound and the second compound may have low driving voltage, high efficiency, and high luminance. ##STR00001##