A mixture comprising a) biodiesel, and b) 10% to 60% by weight, in particular 15% to 40% by weight, of benzyl hemiformal.

A nanostructure includes a plurality of substantially spherically curved carbon layers having diameters in a range of 1 nanometer to 1000 nanometers and a plurality of halogen atoms attached to an outer convex side of the carbon layers. A composition of matter includes a liquid fuel and an additive including at least one liquid and a plurality of carbon nano-onions. A method of fabricating an additive for liquid fuel includes creating a carbon-based material using a plasma in an environment including at least one hydrocarbon gas and/or at least one liquid containing hydrocarbons, organometallic metal-complex, and/or element-organic compounds, evaporating organic material from the carbon-based material, halogenating the carbon-based material, and extracting carbon nano-onions from the halogenated carbon-based material.

Crude oil may be treated with an additive made with Tire Pyrolysis Oil and naphtha, condensate, or both naphtha and condensate. Also disclosed herein are compositions including Tire Pyrolysis Oil wherein the composition is selected from the group consisting of: pipeline cleaner, tank cleaner, paraffin inhibitor or modifier, asphaltene inhibitor or modifier, scale inhibitor, corrosion inhibitor, stimulation fluid, crude oil density reducer, and crude oil viscosity reducer. The Tire Pyrolysis Oil is a green product recovered from recycling tires.

A method for marking a petroleum hydrocarbon or a liquid biologically derived fuel; said method comprising adding to said petroleum hydrocarbon or liquid biologically derived fuel at least one compound that is a R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.7, R.sup.8, R.sup.9 and R.sup.10-substituted diaryl ether, wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.7, R.sup.8, R.sup.9 and R.sup.10 independently are hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or hydrocarbyloxy; wherein each compound having formula (I) is present at a level from 0.01 ppm to 20 ppm.

The invention discloses novel diesel fuel compositions including a renewable diesel component, a fossil diesel component and an oxygenate component, as well as methods for manufacture and use of a combination of a renewable diesel component, and an oxygenate component for reducing particulate matter emissions.

A diesel fuel composition containing a renewable paraffinic diesel component and di-GTBE. A method for producing the diesel fuel composition and use thereof. Use of di-GTBE as a lubricity improver for fuels is further disclosed.

This disclosure relates to winterized pour point depressant compositions for petroleum fluids. Such compositions exhibit stability and are flowable at temperatures down to as low as −47° C., without the need for further dilution.

The testing of various chemicals has yielded new chemicals and chemical mixtures for the use of removing carbon deposits from the internal combustion engine. Some of these chemicals and chemical mixtures have proven to work better across many different carbon types than other chemicals that were tested. These chemical terpenes are typically produced from plants. One standard terpene mixture is known as turpentine. The chemical turpentine and chemicals found in turpentine have been determined, through our research and testing, to be extremely effective at removing the carbon that is produced within the internal combustion engine.

There is provided an emulsifier comprising at least one C.sub.8 to C.sub.18 fatty acid diethanolamide, at least one C.sub.12 to C.sub.24 fatty acid, at least one C.sub.6 to C.sub.18 alcohol ethoxylate and optionally at least one sorbitan ester and/or at least one alkylene glycol monoalkyl ether. There is additionally provided emulsions comprising a fuel, water and an emulsifier and methods of producing emulsions.

The present invention relates to (halogenated) copolymer vulcanizates and the use thereof in devices such as seals, tank linings, o-rings or hoses which are in contact with liquid medium comprising oxymethylene ether.