Unleaded aviation gasoline. An unleaded aviation gasoline includes a blend of high octane alkylate, an effective amount of selected alkyl benzenes, and selected aromatic amines sufficient to improve the functional engine performance to avoid harmful detonation sufficient to meet or exceed selected standards for detonation performance requirements in full scale aircraft piston spark ignition engines designed for use with Grade 100LL avgas. Suitable alkylated benzenes may include a mixture of xylene isomers. Selected aromatic amines, such as N-methyl-p-toluidine, are used to increase performance. The high octane alkylate may be an aviation alkylate, or iso-octane, or both, and may utilize high octane alkylates having a motor octane number of between about ninety-seven (97) and about one hundred (100). Suitable amounts of iso-pentane, n-butane, and iso-butane may be used for providing vapor pressure in a commercially acceptable range.

Method for manufacture of unleaded aviation gasoline. The method includes blending a high octane alkylate, an effective amount of selected alkyl benzenes and of selected aromatic amines to improve the functional engine performance to avoid harmful detonation sufficient to meet or exceed selected standards for detonation performance requirements in full scale aircraft piston spark ignition engines designed for use with Grade 100LL avgas. Suitable alkylated benzenes may include a mixture of xylene isomers. Selected aromatic amines, such as N-methyl-p-toluidine, may be added to increase MON. The high octane alkylate may be an aviation alkylate, or iso-octane, or both, and may utilize high octane alkylates having a motor octane number of between about ninety-seven (97) and about one hundred (100). Suitable amounts of iso-pentane, n-butane, and iso-butane may be used for providing vapor pressure in a commercially acceptable range.

Method for manufacture of unleaded aviation gasoline. The method includes blending a high octane alkylate, an effective amount of selected alkyl benzenes and of selected aromatic amines to improve the functional engine performance to avoid harmful detonation sufficient to meet or exceed selected standards for detonation performance requirements in full scale aircraft piston spark ignition engines designed for use with Grade 100LL avgas. Suitable alkylated benzenes may include a mixture of xylene isomers. Selected aromatic amines, such as N-methyl-p-toluidine, may be added to increase MON. The high octane alkylate may be an aviation alkylate, or iso-octane, or both, and may utilize high octane alkylates having a motor octane number of between about ninety-seven (97) and about one hundred (100). Suitable amounts of iso-pentane, n-butane, and iso-butane may be used for providing vapor pressure in a commercially acceptable range.

Provided herein are biodiesel fuel mixtures having improved properties for reducing NOx emissions as well as total particular matter emissions, CO emissions, and total hydrocarbon emissions.

Antidegradant compounds are disclosed, and methods of making them, that are represented by the formula I: ##STR00001## wherein each X is independently selected from the group consisting of ethyl, methyl, or hydrogen. Also disclosed are diimine intermediates corresponding to formula III: ##STR00002## wherein each X is independently selected from the group consisting of ethyl, methyl, or hydrogen. These intermediates themselves exhibit antidegradant activity.

Antidegradant compounds are disclosed, and methods of making them, that are represented by the formula I: ##STR00001## wherein each X is independently selected from the group consisting of ethyl, methyl, or hydrogen. Also disclosed are diimine intermediates corresponding to formula III: ##STR00002## wherein each X is independently selected from the group consisting of ethyl, methyl, or hydrogen. These intermediates themselves exhibit antidegradant activity.

Methods of making antidegradant compounds are disclosed in which a p-phenylenediamine is reacted with a diol to obtain mixtures comprising the antidegradant compounds.

Methods of making antidegradant compounds are disclosed in which a p-phenylenediamine is reacted with a diol to obtain mixtures comprising the antidegradant compounds.

A method of making antidegradant compounds is disclosed, in which a p-phenylenediamine is reacted with an alpha-hydroxy carbonyl compound to thereby obtain an enediamine, which is reduced to thereby obtain a mixture comprising the antidegradant compound.

A method of making antidegradant compounds is disclosed, in which a p-phenylenediamine is reacted with an alpha-hydroxy carbonyl compound to thereby obtain an enediamine, which is reduced to thereby obtain a mixture comprising the antidegradant compound.