The present invention relates to tolerogenic mammalian dendritic cells (iDCs) and methods for the production of tolerogenic DCs. In addition, the present invention provides methods for administration of tolerogenic dendritic cells as well as particles containing oligonucleotides to mammalian subjects. Enhanced tolerogenicity in a host can be useful for treating inflammatory and autoimmune related diseases, such as type 1 diabetes.

It is provided a method of expanding dendritic (DC) cells and/or natural killer (NK) cells in vivo in a patient comprising the steps of producing a graft of stem and progenitor cells cultured with UM171 or analogues therefrom and expanded before being administered to the patient. The expansion or increase in dendritic (DC) cells and/or natural killer (NK) cells population in the patient results in an increase immune response reducing transplant related mortality (TRM), severe graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), relapse, and/or severe viral infections.

Disclosed herein are exogenous antigen sensitized immature dendritic cells. The dendritic cell may also be dead. The exogenous antigen sensitized immature dendritic cells may be used to elicit an increased immune response. Further provided are vaccines comprising the exogenous antigen sensitized immature dendritic cells, methods, of inducing an immune response in a patient, and methods of treating a disease.

The present invention relates to a production method of tolerogenic plasmacytoid dendritic cells, tolerogenic plasmacytoid dendritic cells produced by the method, and, cell therapeutic agents including the same. In the method, the plasmacytoid dendritic cells with immune tolerance may be induced from the immature dendritic cells at a high yield using a simple and easy process, thereby enabling a stable supply of large amounts of tolerogenic plasmacytoid dendritic cells.

This disclosure relates to acellular-based therapies for modulating the level of regulatory T cells (Treg) and/or the level of pro-inflammatory T cells (Th17/Th1). To provide these therapeutic effects, a combination comprising at least one acellular pro-tolerogenic preparation and at least one acellular pro-inflammatory preparation are administered sequentially.

The disclosure provides methods and compositions for affecting the development of antigen presenting cell (APC, e.g., a macrophage or dendritic cell). The methods include maturing an APC, promoting anti-inflammatory phenotype, promoting development of a T regulatory cell (Treg) from a naive T cell. The methods generally include exposing an APC to a tryptophan derived microbiota metabolite (TDMM), such as an anti-inflammatory or pro-mucosal TDMM, and permitting the APC to mature. In some embodiments, the conditioned APC is exposed to a naive T cell to further promote development of a T regulatory cell (Treg). In some embodiments, the TDMM is selected from the group consisting of indole, indole-3-acetate, 5-hydroxyindole, and indole-3-pyruvate.

The disclosure relates to an AFFT2 cell and a preparation method thereof. According to an embodiment, the cell is transformed with the TCR-T technology. The transformed T cells are blocked in vitro by an antibody drug of suppressive signaling molecules. According to another embodiment, a predicted antigen epitope is centered on a mutant amino acid site, the predicted antigen epitope extends 10 amino acids to each side of the mutant amino acid site, and the predicted antigen epitope serves as a potential antigen epitope. According to a further embodiment, TCR genes in a peripheral blood cell of a patient are knocked out by a CRISPR technology.

There is provided according to the invention a method of treating a mammal suffering from or susceptible to an immune reaction to drug treatment comprising the raising of anti-drug antibodies which method comprises (a) ex-vivo treating antigen presenting cells obtained from the mammal with an agent which induces IDO in said antigen presenting cells in the presence of said drug or an epitope containing fragment thereof and (b) after IDO has been induced in said antigen presenting cells, transferring said cells back to the mammal thereby to establish immune tolerance to the drug.

Provided herein are methods and systems for bio-printing of three-dimensional organs and organoids. Also provided herein are bio-printed three-dimensional organs and organoids for use in the generation and/or the assessment of immunological products and/or immune responses. Also provided herein are methods and system for bio-printing three-dimensional matrices.

A method for detecting a target cell surface molecule and classifying cell types in a fluid sample. The method involves the addition of a reagent to the fluid sample. The reagent includes nanoparticles with optical plasmonic resonances, and at least one fluorescent probe. The nanoparticles are a bio-optical probe for the target cell surface molecule. Each fluorescent probe targets a cell classification marker. The method further involves the acquisition of an image using dark field microscopy and fluorescence microscopy to detect and quantify the presence or absence of any cells in the fluid sample having the target cell surface molecule or having the cell classification marker.