The present invention relates to the field of fermentation, more particularly to ethanol production. Even more particularly the present invention relates to reduced aroma production during fermentation processes. The present invention provides mutant alleles and chimeric genes useful to develop yeast strains to limit acetate ester levels during fermentation. In addition, the invention also relates to the use of such yeast strains as well as of compounds for the production of fermented foods and liquids with reduced acetate ester levels.

Described herein are methods and genetically engineered fungal cells useful for producing target molecules containing mammalian-like complex N-glycans or containing intermediates in a mammalian glycosylation pathway.

Described herein are methods and genetically engineered fungal cells useful for producing target molecules containing mammalian-like complex N-glycans or containing intermediates in a mammalian glycosylation pathway.

Disclosed herein are modified strains for reducing degradation of recombinantly expressed products secreted from a host organism and methods of using the modified strains. In some embodiments, to attenuate a protease activity in Pichia pastoris, the genes encoding enzymes the degrade proteases are inactivated or mutated to reduce or eliminate activity. In preferred strains, the protease activity of proteases encoded by PAS_chr4_0584 (YPS1-1) and PAS_chr3_1157 (YPS1-2) (e.g., polypeptides comprising SEQ ID NO: 66 and 67) is attenuated.

Disclosed herein are modified strains for reducing degradation of recombinantly expressed products secreted from a host organism and methods of using the modified strains. In some embodiments, to attenuate a protease activity in Pichia pastoris, the genes encoding enzymes the degrade proteases are inactivated or mutated to reduce or eliminate activity. In preferred strains, the protease activity of proteases encoded by PAS_chr4_0584 (YPS1-1) and PAS_chr3_1157 (YPS1-2) (e.g., polypeptides comprising SEQ ID NO: 66 and 67) is attenuated.

The present invention is directed to antibodies and fragments thereof and humanized versions thereof having binding specificity for IL-6. Another embodiment of this invention relates to the antibodies described herein, and binding fragments thereof, comprising the sequences of the V.sub.H, V.sub.L and CDR polypeptides described herein, and the polynucleotides encoding them. The invention also contemplates conjugates of anti-IL-6 antibodies and binding fragments thereof conjugated to one or more functional or detectable moieties. The invention also contemplates methods of making the anti-IL-6 antibodies and binding fragments thereof. Embodiments of the invention also pertain to the use of anti-IL-6 antibodies, and binding fragments thereof, for the diagnosis, assessment and treatment of diseases and disorders associated with IL-6. These antibodies may bind at least one of soluble IL-6, cell surface expressed IL-6, IL-6/IL-6R and/or prevent the association of IL-6 and IL-6R, the association of IL-6/IL-6R and gp130 and or the formation of IL-6/IL-6R/gp130 multimers and thereby inhibit a biological effect associated with any of the foregoing.

The present invention is directed to antibodies and fragments thereof and humanized versions thereof having binding specificity for IL-6. Another embodiment of this invention relates to the antibodies described herein, and binding fragments thereof, comprising the sequences of the V.sub.H, V.sub.L and CDR polypeptides described herein, and the polynucleotides encoding them. The invention also contemplates conjugates of anti-IL-6 antibodies and binding fragments thereof conjugated to one or more functional or detectable moieties. The invention also contemplates methods of making the anti-IL-6 antibodies and binding fragments thereof. Embodiments of the invention also pertain to the use of anti-IL-6 antibodies, and binding fragments thereof, for the diagnosis, assessment and treatment of diseases and disorders associated with IL-6. These antibodies may bind at least one of soluble IL-6, cell surface expressed IL-6, IL-6/IL-6R and/or prevent the association of IL-6 and IL-6R, the association of IL-6/IL-6R and gp130 and or the formation of IL-6/IL-6R/gp130 multimers and thereby inhibit a biological effect associated with any of the foregoing.

Disclosed herein are modified strains for reducing degradation of recombinantly expessed products secreted from a host organism and methods of using the modified strains. In some embodiments, to attenuate a protease activity in Pichia pastoris, the genes encoding enzymes the degrade proteases are inactivated or mutated to reduce or eliminate activity. In preferred strains, the protease activity of proteases encoded by PAS_chr4_0584 (YPS1-1) and PAS_chr3_1157 (YPS1-2) (e.g., polypeptides comprising SEQ ID NO: 66 and 67) is attenuated.

Disclosed herein are modified strains for reducing degradation of recombinantly expessed products secreted from a host organism and methods of using the modified strains. In some embodiments, to attenuate a protease activity in Pichia pastoris, the genes encoding enzymes the degrade proteases are inactivated or mutated to reduce or eliminate activity. In preferred strains, the protease activity of proteases encoded by PAS_chr4_0584 (YPS1-1) and PAS_chr3_1157 (YPS1-2) (e.g., polypeptides comprising SEQ ID NO: 66 and 67) is attenuated.

The present invention provides for a mechanism to reduce glycerol production and increase nitrogen utilization and ethanol production of recombinant microorganisms. One aspect of this invention relates to strains of S. cerevisiae with reduced glycerol productivity that get a kinetic benefit from higher nitrogen concentration without sacrificing ethanol yield. A second aspect of the invention relates to metabolic modifications resulting in altered transport and/or intracellular metabolism of nitrogen sources present in corn mash.