A metal-free porphyrin based crystalline 2D organic polymer obtained from the condensation of terephthaloyl chloride and 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-aminophenyl porphyrin, namely H.sub.2TAPP), which is an effective bifunctional electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in basic conditions and the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in neutral solutions. The electrochemical response of this material is explored under oxidation and reduction conditions in order to study its catalytic activity, charge transfer and stability.

The present invention is directed to an anode including bacteria, a polymer, and a conductive material, wherein the bacteria, the polymer and the conductive material are deposited on at least one surface of the anode. Further provided is a microbial electrochemical system comprising the herein disclosed anode, and methods of using the same, such as for treating wastewater, hydrogen production, or generating electricity.

An organic carbonate synthesis catalyst for electrochemically synthesizing an organic carbonate from carbon monoxide, comprises: an active particle containing a metal element; and a porous carbon supporting the active particle.

A catalyst for producing hydrogen peroxide and a preparation method therefor are provided. The catalyst for producing hydrogen peroxide according to the embodiments of the present invention comprises a carbon-based support and a catalyst moiety that is bonded to the carbon-based support and comprises an M.sub.1-N bonding structure (M.sub.1 represents a transition metal atom). The method for preparing a catalyst for producing hydrogen peroxide according to the embodiments of the present invention comprises comprises preparing a carbon-based support, providing a transition metal atom (M.sub.1) to the carbon-based support, and doping nitrogen into the carbon-based support.

A catalyst for producing hydrogen peroxide and a preparation method therefor are provided. The catalyst for producing hydrogen peroxide according to the embodiments of the present invention comprises a carbon-based support and a catalyst moiety that is bonded to the carbon-based support and comprises an M.sub.1-N bonding structure (M.sub.1 represents a transition metal atom). The method for preparing a catalyst for producing hydrogen peroxide according to the embodiments of the present invention comprises comprises preparing a carbon-based support, providing a transition metal atom (M.sub.1) to the carbon-based support, and doping nitrogen into the carbon-based support.

Three-dimensional (3D) hollow nanosphere electrocatalysts that convert CO.sub.2 into formate with high current density and Faradaic efficiency (FE). The SnO.sub.2 nanospheres were constructed from small, interconnected SnO.sub.2 nanocrystals. The size of the constituent SnO.sub.2 nanocrystals was controlled between 2-10 nm by varying the calcination temperature and observed a clear correlation between nanocrystal size and formate production. In situ Raman and time-dependent X-ray diffraction measurements confirmed that SnO.sub.2 nanocrystals were reduced to metallic Sn and resisted microparticle agglomeration during CO.sub.2 reduction. The nanosphere catalysts outperformed comparably sized, non-structured SnO.sub.2 nanoparticles and commercially-available SnO.sub.2 with a heterogeneous size distribution.

The present invention relates to a photo-electrochemical device for production of a gas, liquid or solid using concentrated electromagnetic irradiation. The device comprises a photovoltaic component configured to generate charge carriers from the concentrated electromagnetic irradiation; and an electrochemical component configured to carry out electrolysis of a reactant. The photovoltaic component contacts the electrochemical component at a solid interface to form an integrated photo-electrochemical device; and further includes at least one reactant channel or a plurality of reactant channels extending between the photovoltaic component and the electrochemical component to transfer heat and the reactant from the photovoltaic component to the electrochemical component. The integrated photo-electrochemical device and auxiliary devices (such as concentrator, flow controllers) build a system which can flexibly react to changes in operating condition and guarantee best performance.

An electrode catalyst in which a metal or a metal oxide is supported on an electrode support composed of a conductive substance is provided. It is preferable that the electrode support contain one or more metals which are selected from the group consisting of a transition metal and a typical metal in Groups 12 to 14 or a carbon material and the metal or the metal oxide contain one or more metals which are selected from the group consisting of a transition metal and a typical metal in Groups 12 to 14 or a metal oxide.

An electrode catalyst in which a metal or a metal oxide is supported on an electrode support composed of a conductive substance is provided. It is preferable that the electrode support contain one or more metals which are selected from the group consisting of a transition metal and a typical metal in Groups 12 to 14 or a carbon material and the metal or the metal oxide contain one or more metals which are selected from the group consisting of a transition metal and a typical metal in Groups 12 to 14 or a metal oxide.

THE PRESENT DISCLOSURE RELATES TO A POROUS NANOPARTICLE CATALYST FOR METHANE CONVERSION, INCLUDING A FIRST METAL OXIDE AND A SECOND METAL OXIDE, AND A METHOD OF PREPARING THE SAME.