This composite comprises: a material having electrical conductivity; and a transition metal oxide which is supported by said material. The transition metal oxide has an amorphous structure.

This composite comprises: a material having electrical conductivity; and a transition metal oxide which is supported by said material. The transition metal oxide has an amorphous structure.

An electrolysis electrode and a preparation method therefor, an electrolysis apparatus, and a clothing treatment device. The electrolysis electrode includes a substrate, a transition layer, and an electrode catalytic material layer, and the transition layer is attached to the surface of the substrate, the electrode catalytic material layer is attached to the surface of the transition layer, and the thickness of the transition layer satisfies that: electrons can pass through the transition layer. The transition layer of the electrolysis electrode is relatively thin, so that electrons can pass through the transition layer due to a quantum tunneling effect, and thus the electrocatalytic performance of the electrolysis electrode is basically not affected. Furthermore, the transition layer plays the role of transition connection, and can greatly improve the phenomenon of cracks in the electrode catalytic material layer.

Provided is a high-efficiency vanadium nitride/molybdenum carbide heterojunction hydrogen production electrocatalyst, and a preparation method and application thereof. The electrocatalyst has a heterojunction structure formed by coupling VN and Mo.sub.2C, wherein the mass ratio of VN and Mo.sub.2C is 20:1 to 50:1. The electrocatalyst couples nano-VN and Mo.sub.2C to form a VN/Mo.sub.2C heterojunction, so that the active center is increased, and the balance of the reaction kinetics of H.sup.+ adsorption and H.sub.2 desorption is facilitated, thereby greatly improving the activity of the electrocatalyst.

Provided is a high-efficiency vanadium nitride/molybdenum carbide heterojunction hydrogen production electrocatalyst, and a preparation method and application thereof. The electrocatalyst has a heterojunction structure formed by coupling VN and Mo.sub.2C, wherein the mass ratio of VN and Mo.sub.2C is 20:1 to 50:1. The electrocatalyst couples nano-VN and Mo.sub.2C to form a VN/Mo.sub.2C heterojunction, so that the active center is increased, and the balance of the reaction kinetics of H.sup.+ adsorption and H.sub.2 desorption is facilitated, thereby greatly improving the activity of the electrocatalyst.

A method for operating a solid oxide electrolysis cell which can suppress degradation of the hydrogen electrode, is provided. A method for operating a solid oxide electrolysis cell includes a hydrogen electrode, an oxygen electrode, and an electrolyte layer sandwiched between the hydrogen electrode and the oxygen electrode. The hydrogen electrode includes a catalyst layer structured with Ni-containing particles dispersed and supported on a porous mixed ionic and electronic conducting oxide. The method includes an alternating operation in which a water vapor electrolysis operation and a fuel cell operation are repeated alternately.

Title: Method for providing a substrate for an electrochemical cell with a catalytic material Abstract The invention relates to a method for providing a substrate for an electrochemical cell with a catalytic material. The method comprises atomic layer deposition (ALD) that comprises providing a catalyst precursor for the catalytic material. The ALD further comprises providing a carrier precursor for forming a carrier material. The invention further relates to a substrate provided with a catalytic material and a PEM electrolysis cell comprising a substrate provided with a catalytic material.

Title: Method for providing a substrate for an electrochemical cell with a catalytic material Abstract The invention relates to a method for providing a substrate for an electrochemical cell with a catalytic material. The method comprises atomic layer deposition (ALD) that comprises providing a catalyst precursor for the catalytic material. The ALD further comprises providing a carrier precursor for forming a carrier material. The invention further relates to a substrate provided with a catalytic material and a PEM electrolysis cell comprising a substrate provided with a catalytic material.

The catalyst composition includes graphitic carbon nitride and a plurality of platinum oxide nanoparticles disposed on the graphitic carbon nitride.

The catalyst composition includes graphitic carbon nitride and a plurality of platinum oxide nanoparticles disposed on the graphitic carbon nitride.